Travis Erika K, Vargas F Hernan, Merkel Jane, Gottdenker Nicole, Miller R Eric, Parker Patricia G
Saint Louis Zoo, One Government Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 2006 Jul;42(3):625-32. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-42.3.625.
The Galápagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) is an endangered species endemic to the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. In 2003 and 2004, 195 penguins from 13 colonies on the islands of Isabela and Fernandina in the Galápagos archipelago were examined. Genetic sexing of 157 penguins revealed 62 females and 95 males. Hematology consisted of packed cell volume (n = 134), white blood cell differentials (n = 83), and hemoparasite blood smear evaluation (n = 114). Microfilariae were detected in 22% (25/114) of the blood smears. Female penguins had significantly higher eosinophil counts than males. Serum chemistry on 83 penguins revealed no significant differences between males and females. Birds were seronegative to avian paramyxovirus type 1-3, avian influenza virus, infectious bursal disease virus, Marek's disease virus (herpes), reovirus, avian encephalomyelitis virus, and avian adenovirus type 1 and 2 (n = 75), as well as to West Nile virus (n = 87), and Venezuelan, western and eastern equine encephalitis viruses (n = 26). Seventy-five of 84 (89%) penguins had antibodies to Chlamydophila psittaci but chlamydial DNA was not detected via polymerase chain reaction in samples from 30 birds.
加拉帕戈斯企鹅（Spheniscus mendiculus）是厄瓜多尔加拉帕戈斯群岛特有的濒危物种。2003年和2004年，对加拉帕戈斯群岛伊莎贝拉岛和费尔南迪纳岛上13个企鹅群落的195只企鹅进行了检查。对157只企鹅进行的基因性别鉴定显示，有62只雌性和95只雄性。血液学检查包括红细胞压积（n = 134）、白细胞分类计数（n = 83）和血液寄生虫血涂片评估（n = 114）。在22%（25/114）的血涂片中检测到微丝蚴。雌性企鹅的嗜酸性粒细胞计数显著高于雄性。对83只企鹅进行的血清化学分析显示，雄性和雌性之间没有显著差异。这些企鹅对1型至3型禽副粘病毒、禽流感病毒、传染性法氏囊病病毒、马立克氏病病毒（疱疹病毒）、呼肠孤病毒、禽脑脊髓炎病毒以及1型和2型禽腺病毒（n = 75）呈血清阴性，对西尼罗河病毒（n = 87）以及委内瑞拉、西部和东部马脑炎病毒（n = 26）也呈血清阴性。84只企鹅中有75只（89%）对鹦鹉热衣原体有抗体，但在30只企鹅的样本中通过聚合酶链反应未检测到衣原体DNA。
