Santtila Matti, Kyröläinen Heikki, Vasankari Tommi, Tiainen Seppo, Palvalin Kauko, Häkkinen Arja, Häkkinen Keijo
Training Division of the Defence Staff, Finnish Defense Forces, Helsinki, Finland.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 Nov;38(11):1990-4. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000232023.28984.78.
This population-based study describes fitness profiles in aerobic capacity (N = 387088) during the years 1975-2004, muscle performance (N = 280285) from 1982 to 2003, and body anthropometry (N = 324911) from 1993 to 2004 among the Finnish conscripts at the age of 20 yr.
Endurance performance was tested by the 12-min running test. Muscle fitness tests consisting of sit-ups, push-ups, pull-ups, a back-muscle test, and standing long jump were scored to muscle fitness index (MFI).
The mean body mass of the conscripts increased from 70.8 to 75.2 kg (P < 0.01) during the years 1993-2004. The mean distance of the conscripts" 12-min running test increased first by 4% from 1975 to 1979, but after it that decreased by 12% (from 2760 m to 2434 m, P < 0.001) compared with the year 2004. MFI increased during the first decade of the follow-up, but thereafter, the number of conscripts who achieved excellent and good MFI decreased from 66.8 to 41.2% (P < 0.001) during the years 1992-2004. The physical ability of the conscripts to meet military service declined during the last 15 yr.
Both the increase in body mass and the decrease in physical fitness may lead to serious health problems in the future.
这项基于人群的研究描述了1975年至2004年间芬兰20岁应征入伍者的有氧能力（N = 387088）、1982年至2003年间的肌肉性能（N = 280285）以及1993年至2004年间的身体人体测量学指标（N = 324911）。
通过12分钟跑步测试来检测耐力表现。由仰卧起坐、俯卧撑、引体向上、背部肌肉测试和立定跳远组成的肌肉适应性测试被计入肌肉适应性指数（MFI）。
在1993年至2004年间，应征入伍者的平均体重从70.8千克增加到了75.2千克（P < 0.01）。应征入伍者12分钟跑步测试的平均距离在1975年至1979年间首先增加了4%，但此后与2004年相比下降了12%（从2760米降至2434米，P < 0.001）。在随访的第一个十年中，MFI有所增加，但此后，在1992年至2004年间，达到优秀和良好MFI的应征入伍者数量从66.8%降至41.2%（P < 0.001）。在过去的15年中，应征入伍者满足兵役要求的身体能力有所下降。
体重增加和体能下降都可能在未来导致严重的健康问题。
