Ndour C T, Ba O, Manga N M, Fortes M L, Nyamwasa D, Sow P S
Clinique des maladies infectieuses Ibrahima-Diop-Mar, CHU de Fann, Université Cheikh-Anta-Diop, BP 5035, Dakar, Sénégal.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2006 Oct;99(4):290-3.
Malaria remains a major public health problem in Sub-Saharian Africa, in terms of morbidity and mortality rate. To assess the knowledge and behaviour of population regarding the transmission, the treatment and the prevention of malaria, we conducted a cluster sample household survey in Gossas, a rural District in Senegal, from May 2nd to May 6th 2005. A questionnaire that focused on socioeconomic conditions, beliefs, knowledge about and behavior toward antimalarial medication and the prevention means used was given to 480 household owners. Overall, 107 pregnant women and 1,201 children aged less than 5 years old lived within these household. More than a half of the household owners (51%) were illiterate and 25.2% ignored how malaria is transmitted. Fever was the most common symptom suggesting malaria (61%). In 46.1% of febrile cases, people did not seek for treatment from a physician. Home treatment of febrile episodes was based on paracetamol or aspirin (84%), chloroquine (13%) and cotrimoxazole (2.9%). Overall, the proportion of insecticide treated nets users were 22.7%. This percentage was 14.9% and 11.4% for pregnant women and children younger than 5 years old, respectively. People having radio sets, regular access to television, and people aware of the transmission route of malaria were more likely to use bed nets. In most cases, organic material burning was used as repellent against mosquitoes. The low prevalence of bed net use was most often explained by participants' limited accessibility to and by the high cost of insecticide-treated nets. Knowledge about malaria prevention and treatment is low in the rural district of Gossas. The rate of insecticide-treated-bed nets use in vulnerable people is very low, far from the Abuja meeting objective. A sensibilization program and a social marketing plan for insecticide-treated-bed nets could improve this situation.
就发病率和死亡率而言，疟疾仍是撒哈拉以南非洲的一个主要公共卫生问题。为了评估民众关于疟疾传播、治疗和预防的知识及行为，我们于2005年5月2日至6日在塞内加尔一个农村地区戈萨斯进行了一项整群抽样家庭调查。向480户家庭户主发放了一份问卷，该问卷聚焦于社会经济状况、信仰、关于抗疟药物的知识及行为以及所采用的预防手段。总体而言，这些家庭中有107名孕妇和1201名5岁以下儿童。超过一半的家庭户主（51%）是文盲，25.2%的人不知道疟疾是如何传播的。发热是提示疟疾的最常见症状（61%）。在46.1%的发热病例中，人们没有寻求医生治疗。发热时的家庭治疗主要基于对乙酰氨基酚或阿司匹林（84%）、氯喹（13%）和复方新诺明（2.9%）。总体而言，使用杀虫剂处理过的蚊帐的比例为22.7%。孕妇和5岁以下儿童的这一比例分别为14.9%和11.4%。拥有收音机、能定期收看电视的人以及知晓疟疾传播途径的人更有可能使用蚊帐。在大多数情况下，燃烧有机材料被用作驱蚊手段。蚊帐使用率低最常被解释为参与者获取杀虫剂处理过的蚊帐的机会有限以及其成本高昂。在戈萨斯农村地区，关于疟疾预防和治疗的知识水平较低。弱势群体中杀虫剂处理过的蚊帐使用率非常低，远未达到阿布贾会议的目标。一项关于杀虫剂处理过的蚊帐的宣传计划和社会营销计划可能会改善这种状况。
