Ward A B, Molenaers G, Colosimo C, Berardelli A
North Staffordshire Rehabilitation Centre, Haywood Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
Eur J Neurol. 2006 Dec;13 Suppl 4:20-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01650.x.
Botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT-A) prevents the release of acetylcholine at cholinergic junctions, thereby causing temporary muscle weakness lasting 3-4 months. It is now widely used to treat a broad range of clinical disorders characterized by muscle hyperactivity. BoNT-A has proved effective in the management of several neurological conditions and, in particular, in the management of movement disorders (e.g. blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, laryngeal dystonia, limb dystonia, hemifacial spasm, focal tics, tremor and other hyperkinetic disorders). As a treatment of spasticity, BoNT-A can improve mobility and dexterity as well as preventing the development of distressing and costly secondary complications. In cerebral palsy, BoNT-A is of value, being able to delay or even avoid surgery until motion patterns have become established.
A型肉毒毒素（BoNT-A）可阻止乙酰胆碱在胆碱能接头处释放，从而导致持续3至4个月的暂时性肌肉无力。目前它被广泛用于治疗多种以肌肉活动亢进为特征的临床疾病。事实证明，BoNT-A在多种神经疾病的治疗中有效，尤其是在运动障碍（如眼睑痉挛、颈部肌张力障碍、喉部肌张力障碍、肢体肌张力障碍、面肌痉挛、局灶性抽动、震颤及其他运动亢进性疾病）的治疗中。作为一种治疗痉挛的方法，BoNT-A可以改善活动能力和灵活性，还能预防令人痛苦且代价高昂的继发性并发症的发生。在脑瘫治疗中，BoNT-A很有价值，它能够推迟甚至避免手术，直到运动模式确立。
