Polańska Kinga, Hanke Wojciech, Boczkowski Andrzej, Wagrowska-Koski Ewa
Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Out-Patient Clinic of Occupational Diseases, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lódź, Poland.
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2006;19(2):107-12. doi: 10.2478/v10001-006-0019-4.
The aim of the studywas to work out a program that would help develop the most effective methods for protecting the safety and health of young workers.
The program was designed by a multidisciplinary team of experts in occupational and public health, occupational hygiene, health promotion, sociology, and regulatory and control activities.
The program points out the major aspects to be considered while implementing the existing legislation. The employers should have a proper recognition of health hazards related to working conditions at their enterprises. These should be considered while assessing work capability of adolescents during the pre-placement and periodic medical examinations. Prophylactic examinations for adolescent workers should be oriented towards the potential or existing health hazards and strenuous conditions of in-plant vocational training. It is essential to inform them about work-related health hazards and the preventive methods to be applied by both the workers themselves and the occupational health services. If a health problem or ailment is detected by an occupational physician, the adolescent worker should be referred to primary health care unit for further diagnostics.
The most effective ways to protect the safety and health of young workers include a more accurate assessment of working conditions, contracting prophylactic examinations with only one occupational health service unit, providing appropriate risk information to adolescent workers/students, and a closer collaboration between school administration, employers and occupational health services..
本研究的目的是制定一个有助于开发保护青年工人安全与健康最有效方法的项目。
该项目由职业与公共卫生、职业卫生、健康促进、社会学以及监管活动等多学科专家团队设计。
该项目指出了实施现行立法时需考虑的主要方面。雇主应正确认识与其企业工作条件相关的健康危害。在入职前和定期体检评估青少年工作能力时应考虑这些因素。青少年工人的预防性检查应针对工厂内职业培训的潜在或现有健康危害及艰苦条件。必须告知他们与工作相关的健康危害以及工人自身和职业健康服务机构应采用的预防方法。如果职业医生检测到健康问题或疾病，应将青少年工人转至初级卫生保健单位进行进一步诊断。
保护青年工人安全与健康的最有效方法包括更准确地评估工作条件、仅与一个职业健康服务单位签订预防性检查合同、向青少年工人/学生提供适当的风险信息，以及学校管理部门、雇主和职业健康服务机构之间更密切的合作。
