Tilson Elwin R, Strickland Gloria Deal, Gibson Sharyn D
Radiologic Sciences, Armstrong Atlantic State University, Savannah, GA, USA.
Orthop Nurs. 2006 Nov-Dec;25(6):415-20; quiz 421-2. doi: 10.1097/00006416-200611000-00012.
When patients present with symptoms associated with lumbar spine pathology, often a series of diagnostic examinations of escalating sophistication are utilized. To obtain a diagnosis, the initial study is usually done on lumbar spine radiographs, which demonstrate gross bony pathologies, spinal alignment, and bone density. Frequently, additional high-cost invasive or noninvasive procedures may be required. Myelography is used to examine the spinal cord, nerve root bundles, and possible intrusion of the vertebral disk into the spinal canal. Computed tomography is most useful for imaging small bony structures and, when coupled with myelography, can demonstrate soft tissue abnormalities in the spinal canal. Magnetic resonance imaging is, however, the preferred modality for imaging soft tissue.
当患者出现与腰椎病变相关的症状时，通常会采用一系列复杂度不断增加的诊断检查。为了获得诊断结果，最初的检查通常是腰椎X光片，它可以显示明显的骨质病变、脊柱排列和骨密度。通常，可能还需要额外的高成本侵入性或非侵入性检查。脊髓造影用于检查脊髓、神经根束以及椎间盘可能向椎管内的突出情况。计算机断层扫描对于小骨骼结构的成像最为有用，并且与脊髓造影结合使用时，可以显示椎管内的软组织异常。然而，磁共振成像却是软组织成像的首选方式。
