Huber Benedikt
Medizinische Universitäts-Kinderklinik Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2006 Oct;118(19-20):573-9. doi: 10.1007/s00508-006-0701-3.
Coming from his clinical research in the field of infectiology and immunology the Viennese pediatrician Clemens von Pirquet (1874-1929) introduced the term "allergy" in 1906. With it he wanted to describe in general a change in reactivity of the organism, namely in time, quality and quantity. In contrast to the widely accepted use of the word "allergy" today, where it is restricted to specific immunologic hypersensitivity reactions against harmless foreign antigens, allergy in Pirquets sense comprised as general term likewise increases and decreases of the reactivity and so both "hyper-" and "hyposensitivity reactions". In the context with the expansion of allergy to the human predisposition Pirquet emphasized, that the change of reactivity does not only depend on exogenous substances (so called allergens), but also on endogenous factors of the organism itself. - The orientation towards the organism and his reactivity is the central idea, which can be found in the complete works of Pirquet from 1903 to 1929 and which is presented in this publication for the first time. It is the true essence of his theory of allergy.
维也纳儿科医生克莱门斯·冯·皮尔克（1874 - 1929）在传染病学和免疫学领域的临床研究基础上，于1906年引入了“过敏”一词。他想用这个词来总体描述机体反应性的变化，即时间、性质和程度方面的变化。与如今“过敏”一词被广泛接受的用法不同，现在它仅限于针对无害外来抗原的特定免疫超敏反应，而在皮尔克的概念中，“过敏”作为一个通用术语同样涵盖了反应性的增强和减弱，也就是“超敏”和“低敏反应”。随着“过敏”概念扩展到人类易感性方面，皮尔克强调，反应性的变化不仅取决于外源性物质（即所谓的过敏原），还取决于机体自身的内源性因素。——对机体及其反应性的关注是核心思想，这一思想在皮尔克1903年至1929年的全部著作中都能找到，并且在本出版物中首次呈现。这是他过敏理论的真正精髓。
