Kim Victor, Kueppers Friedrich, D'Alonzo Gilbert E
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
COPD. 2004;1(2):313-9. doi: 10.1081/copd-120040253.
Approximately 85% of all cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are attributed to cigarette smoking. The only other established risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that is of comparable importance is the deficiency of alpha1-antitrypsin, a rare genetic defect that is present in less than 1% of all cases. Other risk factors are not well characterized in the literature. This article describes one patient without a significant smoking history and with a normal alphaa-antitrypsin level who developed severe early-onset emphysema and gives a brief discussion about other genetic and environmental risk factors for the development of emphysema.
所有慢性阻塞性肺疾病病例中约85%归因于吸烟。慢性阻塞性肺疾病发展的唯一其他已确定的、具有同等重要性的风险因素是α1-抗胰蛋白酶缺乏，这是一种罕见的基因缺陷，在所有病例中不到1%的患者存在。其他风险因素在文献中描述得并不充分。本文描述了一名无显著吸烟史且α1-抗胰蛋白酶水平正常的患者，该患者患严重早发性肺气肿，并简要讨论了肺气肿发展的其他遗传和环境风险因素。
