Marler P
Dept of Zoology, University of California, Davis 95616.
Trends Neurosci. 1991 May;14(5):199-206. doi: 10.1016/0166-2236(91)90106-5.
Behavioral studies of song learning in birds continue to raise new problems for neuroethological investigation. Evidence is emerging for a new form of vocal plasticity, called 'action-based learning'. Motor patterns are overproduced during a particular phase of ontogeny, and are then subjected to attrition and selective reinforcement by various kinds of social stimulation as the young bird matures. This form of learning, analogous to operant conditioning, can occur at phases of development when the more traditional form of 'memory-based learning' is no longer possible. There is evidence that different physiological mechanisms are involved in the development and the maintenance of mature singing, with a transition occurring at the time of song crystallization. Neural events associated with the developmental stabilization of motor patterns are worthy of more study.
鸟类鸣叫学习的行为研究不断为神经行为学研究提出新问题。一种名为“基于动作的学习”的新形式的发声可塑性证据正在出现。在个体发育的特定阶段，运动模式会过度产生，然后随着幼鸟成熟，会受到各种社会刺激的磨损和选择性强化。这种学习形式类似于操作性条件反射，可能发生在更传统的“基于记忆的学习”形式不再可能的发育阶段。有证据表明，成熟鸣叫的发育和维持涉及不同的生理机制，在鸣叫结晶时会发生转变。与运动模式发育稳定相关的神经事件值得更多研究。
