Lew Adina R, Foster Kirsty A, Bremner J Gavin
Centre for Research in Human Development, Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YF, UK.
Infant Behav Dev. 2006 Jul;29(3):334-41. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2006.01.001. Epub 2006 Jan 23.
Recent research has indicated that, particularly under conditions of inertial disorientation, mammals may be sensitive to landmark configuration geometry at the expense of individual featural information when locating hidden goals. The current study sought to establish whether landmark use could be demonstrated in 12-18-month-old infants with and without a disorientation procedure, and with geometrically ambiguous landmark configurations. A peekaboo paradigm was employed in which infants learned to anticipate a peekaboo event after a cue from two locations within a circular arena, followed by a test trial from a novel position in which no peekaboo occurred after the cue. In all conditions, an isosceles triangle arrangement of landmarks was used, with peekaboo occurring between the landmarks of one of the two equal "sides", thus being geometrically ambiguous. In two conditions, the landmarks were distinctive, and in two further conditions, they were identical. In one of the distinctive conditions and one of the identical landmark conditions, infants underwent a disorientation procedure in between training and test trials. Only oriented infants with distinctive landmarks were successful in test trials, thus suggesting that infants are able to use the individual features of landmarks to locate a goal, but can only do so if oriented.
最近的研究表明，特别是在惯性迷失方向的情况下，哺乳动物在定位隐藏目标时可能会对地标配置几何形状敏感，而牺牲个体特征信息。当前的研究旨在确定在有和没有迷失方向程序的情况下，以及在几何形状模糊的地标配置下，12至18个月大的婴儿是否能够表现出对地标的使用。采用了一种躲猫猫范式，婴儿在圆形场地内的两个位置得到提示后学会预测躲猫猫事件，随后进行测试试验，从一个新位置提示后不会发生躲猫猫。在所有条件下，地标都采用等腰三角形排列，躲猫猫发生在两个相等“边”之一的地标之间，因此在几何形状上是模糊的。在两种条件下，地标是独特的，在另外两种条件下，它们是相同的。在其中一种独特条件和一种相同地标条件下，婴儿在训练和测试试验之间接受了迷失方向程序。只有方向正确且地标独特的婴儿在测试试验中成功了，因此表明婴儿能够利用地标的个体特征来定位目标，但只有在方向正确时才能做到。
