Sarna Linda, Danao Leda Layo, Chan Sophia Siu Chee, Shin Sung Rae, Baldago Lily Ann, Endo Emiko, Minegishi Hideko, Wewers Mary Ellen
School of Nursing, University of California-Los Angeles, 700 Tiverton Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Nurs Outlook. 2006 Nov-Dec;54(6):334-44. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2006.09.005.
In Asia there is widespread smoking among men; smoking among women and youth is increasing, and quitting tobacco use is rare. The involvement of nurses, as the largest group of healthcare professionals, in tobacco control efforts is essential. The findings of this survey of 282 (69% response rate) baccalaureate nursing programs in 4 countries in Asia (China, Japan, Korea, and the Philippines) revealed that the majority included content on health risks of smoking (92%), but almost half (49%) did not provide smoking cessation content, and 94% did not cover it in-depth. Only 11% of programs included supervised cessation practice with patients. Fewer than 10% reported in-depth coverage of cessation interventions and few reported opportunities for clinical practice of cessation skills. Most schools surveyed delivered < 1 hour of instruction each year on tobacco control. Further educational efforts are needed to prepare future nurses to assist smokers with smoking cessation. Tobacco use is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and tobacco-induced deaths in Asia continue to rise. The Western Pacific accounts for one-third of the cigarettes smoked in the world (25% in China alone) and 20% of the 5 million annual deaths from tobacco. China is expected to lead the world in tobacco-related deaths by 2025. Countries in Asia have widespread smoking, especially among men. There is a disturbing increase in smoking among women and youth, quitting tobacco use is rare, and exposure to second-hand smoke is common. Considering the immensity of the problem, all health care professionals throughout the world need to be actively engaged in tobacco control measures, including prevention, cessation, and reduction of exposure to second-hand smoke. Training health care professional students about these issues can have a profound impact on public health. In recognition of the importance of involvement of health care professionals, the World Health Organization (WHO) highlighted their role in tobacco control during "World No Tobacco Day" on May 31, 2005. The involvement of nurses, as the largest group of health care professionals, could boost these efforts. Thus, education of nurses regarding the multiple aspects of tobacco control has strategic implications in controlling global tobacco use and promoting health.
在亚洲，男性吸烟现象普遍；女性和青少年吸烟人数正在增加，而戒烟的人却很少。护士作为最大的医疗专业人员群体，参与控烟工作至关重要。对亚洲4个国家（中国、日本、韩国和菲律宾）的282个学士学位护理项目（回复率69%）进行的这项调查结果显示，大多数项目包含了吸烟健康风险的内容（92%），但几乎一半（49%）没有提供戒烟内容，且94%没有深入涉及。只有11%的项目包含对患者戒烟的监督实践。不到10%的项目报告对戒烟干预措施有深入涵盖，很少有项目报告提供戒烟技能临床实践的机会。大多数接受调查的学校每年提供的控烟教学时间不足1小时。需要进一步开展教育工作，以使未来的护士有能力帮助吸烟者戒烟。烟草使用是全球主要死因之一，亚洲因烟草导致的死亡人数持续上升。西太平洋地区的烟草消费量占全球的三分之一（仅中国就占25%），在每年500万因烟草死亡的人数中占20%。预计到2025年，中国与烟草相关的死亡人数将位居世界首位。亚洲国家吸烟现象普遍，尤其是在男性中。女性和青少年吸烟人数令人不安地增加，戒烟的人很少，二手烟暴露很常见。鉴于问题的严重性，全世界所有医疗专业人员都需要积极参与控烟措施，包括预防、戒烟以及减少二手烟暴露。对医疗专业学生进行这些问题的培训可对公众健康产生深远影响。认识到医疗专业人员参与的重要性，世界卫生组织（世卫组织）在2005年5月31日“世界无烟日”强调了他们在控烟中的作用。护士作为最大的医疗专业人员群体，他们的参与可以推动这些努力。因此，对护士进行控烟多方面的教育对控制全球烟草使用和促进健康具有战略意义。
