Odongo Nicholas E, Hyoung-Ho K, Choi Hee-Chul, van Straaten Peter, McBride Brian W, Romney Dannie L
Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph. Guelph, Ont., Canada N1G 2W1.
Bioresour Technol. 2007 Nov;98(15):2911-8. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.10.015. Epub 2006 Dec 5.
The objective of this study was to improve the availability of phosphorus (P) from rock phosphate (RP) through feeding, mixing and composting manure. The experiment was conducted as a 3 x 2 split-plot design. Manure was collected from 12 Boran steers (200+/-4.5 kg live weight) fed a basal diet of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) at 2.5% body weight on a dry matter (DM) basis. The main plot treatments were (i) manure from steers supplemented with 113 g Busumbu rock phosphate (BRP) per day (FBRP), (ii) manure from steers not supplemented with BRP, feces mixed with 113 g BRP per day (MBRP) and (iii) manure from steers not supplemented with BRP and feces not mixed with BRP (CONT). The sub-plots comprised composting the manure either (i) mixed with 440 g of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw per kg fresh feces (WS) or (ii) without straw (WOS). The manure was composted in 200 L plastic bins for 90 days. After 90 days, P availability was evaluated (i) by aerobic laboratory incubation at 25 degrees C for 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks and (ii) by greenhouse agronomic evaluation study using maize (Zea Mays L.) as the test crop in either a humic Nitosol or an Andosol. In the laboratory incubation study, resin P was higher (p<0.05) for the WS compost than for the WOS compost; values were higher (p<0.05) for the Andosol than for Nitosol and followed the order of FBRP-WS, Andosol>FBRP-WS, Nitosol>MBRP-WS, Andosol>MBRP-WS, Nitosol>FBRP-WOS, Andosol>FBRP-WOS, Nitosol. In the greenhouse evaluation, maize crops in the WS compost had higher (p<0.05) biomass yield than the reference fertilizer, triple super phosphate, (173% versus 196%; Andosol and Nitosol, respectively). The biomass yield and P uptake relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) for WS compost was also higher (p<0.05) than that of WOS compost (184 versus 3+/-0.8 and 242 versus 162+/-0.2, WS and WOS, biomass yield and P uptake, respectively). Nitosol biomass yield and P uptake RAE were also higher (p<0.05) than for the Andosol (99 versus 88+/-0.8 and 332 versus 72+/-0.2, Nitosol and Andosol, biomass yield and P uptake, respectively). The results show that P-enriched composting in the presence of wheat straw significantly increased P availability and increased plant growth. However, in terms of plant growth, there was no additional benefit of first feeding the RP to steers before composting the manure because most of the RP fed seem to have been utilized by the animal.
本研究的目的是通过投喂、混合和堆肥粪便来提高磷矿粉（RP）中磷（P）的有效性。试验采用3×2裂区设计进行。粪便取自12头博拉安公牛（活重200±4.5千克），这些公牛以占体重2.5%的干物质（DM）为基础，采食象草（狼尾草）作为基础日粮。主区处理包括：（i）每天给公牛补充113克布苏木磷矿粉（BRP）的粪便（FBRP）；（ii）不给公牛补充BRP，每天将粪便与113克BRP混合（MBRP）；（iii）不给公牛补充BRP且粪便不与BRP混合（CONT）。副区包括将粪便堆肥，要么（i）每千克新鲜粪便与440克小麦（普通小麦）秸秆混合（WS），要么（ii）不添加秸秆（WOS）。粪便在200升塑料桶中堆肥90天。90天后，通过以下两种方式评估磷的有效性：（i）在25℃下进行需氧实验室培养1、2、4、8、12和16周；（ii）在腐殖质强风化土或暗色土中，以玉米（玉米）作为试验作物进行温室农艺评价研究。在实验室培养研究中，WS堆肥的树脂磷含量高于WOS堆肥（p<0.05）；暗色土中的值高于强风化土（p<0.05），且顺序为FBRP-WS，暗色土>FBRP-WS，强风化土>MBRP-WS，暗色土>MBRP-WS，强风化土>FBRP-WOS，暗色土>FBRP-WOS，强风化土。在温室评价中，WS堆肥中的玉米作物生物量产量高于参比肥料重过磷酸钙（分别为173%对196%；暗色土和强风化土）。WS堆肥的生物量产量和磷吸收相对农学效率（RAE）也高于WOS堆肥（分别为184对3±0.8和242对162±0.2，WS和WOS，生物量产量和磷吸收）。强风化土的生物量产量和磷吸收RAE也高于暗色土（分别为99对88±0.8和332对72±0.2，强风化土和暗色土，生物量产量和磷吸收）。结果表明，在小麦秸秆存在的情况下进行富磷堆肥显著提高了磷的有效性并促进了植物生长。然而，就植物生长而言，在堆肥粪便之前先将RP喂给公牛并没有额外的益处，因为所投喂的大部分RP似乎已被动物利用。
