Appelquist Malin, Nilsson Peter M
Department History of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Sven Med Tidskr. 2005;9(1):95-113.
During the last decades of the 19th century Sweden changed from being a developing to a developed country. It was a period when many people emigrated to America and Denmark, due to miserable times. The aim was to investigate the status and development of the public health in the eastern part of the province Skane, Sweden, during the years 1860 to 1899. The investigation included a study of differences in health between city and countryside, men and women, and health problems now and then. The official reports of provincial doctors (general practitioners) from Brosarp (1860-1899) and city doctors from Kristianstad (1883-1899) were studied. The reports included conscription reports, tables of illnesses and deaths, and an annually summarized health report of the district. The district of Brosarp was a very poor area, due to its topographical location. The poverty brought illness, but not as much as could be expected. The infant mortality rate was lower than for the rest of the country. The long distances between the villages impeded the transmission of infectious diseases. The health situation in Kristianstad was also affected by its topographical location. The humid and densely populated city was a hotbed for infections. Sanitary improvements in both Brosarp and Kristianstad resulted in a better health situation at the end of the 19th century. There were several similarities between the studied areas and the developing countries of today, for example regarding malnutrition, traditional medicine and problems with contaminated drinking water. Compared to the health problems of today, poverty and infectious diseases were greater problems during the studied period of time, while problems related to diet and alcohol drinking were similar. More research is needed to relate the public health in Brosarp and Kristianstad to that in other Swedish districts during the same period of time.
在19世纪的最后几十年间，瑞典从一个发展中国家转变为了发达国家。在那段时期，由于时局艰难，许多人移民到了美国和丹麦。本研究旨在调查1860年至1899年期间瑞典斯科讷省东部地区的公共卫生状况及发展情况。该调查涵盖了城乡之间、男女之间的健康差异，以及不同时期的健康问题。研究了来自布罗斯阿普的省级医生（全科医生）在1860 - 1899年期间的官方报告，以及来自克里斯蒂安斯塔德的城市医生在1883 - 1899年期间的官方报告。这些报告包括征兵报告、疾病和死亡统计表，以及该地区的年度健康总结报告。由于地理位置的原因，布罗斯阿普地区非常贫困。贫困导致了疾病，但程度并没有预期的那么严重。该地区的婴儿死亡率低于瑞典其他地区。村庄之间距离遥远，阻碍了传染病的传播。克里斯蒂安斯塔德的健康状况也受到其地理位置的影响。这座潮湿且人口密集的城市是感染的温床。19世纪末，布罗斯阿普和克里斯蒂安斯塔德的卫生条件改善后，健康状况有所好转。在营养不良、传统医学以及饮用水污染问题等方面，这些研究地区与当今的发展中国家存在若干相似之处。与当今的健康问题相比，在所研究的时期内，贫困和传染病是更为严重的问题，而与饮食和饮酒相关的问题则较为相似。还需要更多研究来将布罗斯阿普和克里斯蒂安斯塔德的公共卫生状况与同期瑞典其他地区的情况进行关联。
