Facal-Mayo D, Juncos-Rabadán O, Alvarez M, Pereiro-Rozas A X, Díaz-Fernández F
Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Espana.
Rev Neurol. 2006;43(12):719-23.
The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon is one of the most frequent complaints in aging, especially with reference to the proper names retrieval. Previous experimental studies focussed on comparing extreme age groups and they used strategic search paradigms that impede the processing knowledge.
To analyze TOT frequency and resolution in the normal process of aging.
140 participants aged from 19 to 82 performed an experiment of production of famous people' names from their definitions, and 36 participants aged from 20 to 80 performed other similar experiment from pictures. Data were analyzed using a linear general model with vocabulary level and processing speed as covariables.
Adults aged from 50 produced more TOTs than young adults and the TOTs' increase was higher in adults from 70 years independently of their vocabulary level. Older adults resolved fewer TOTs than young adults but phonological priming improved TOTs resolution.
Aging weakens activation in the proper names retrieval process but phonological priming increases the activation and improves lexical access.
舌尖现象（TOT）是衰老过程中最常见的问题之一，尤其是在专有名词检索方面。以往的实验研究主要集中在比较极端年龄组，并且使用了阻碍知识处理的策略性搜索范式。
分析正常衰老过程中舌尖现象的频率和解决情况。
140名年龄在19至82岁之间的参与者根据名人的定义进行了名人名字生成实验，36名年龄在20至80岁之间的参与者根据图片进行了其他类似实验。以词汇水平和处理速度作为协变量，使用线性一般模型对数据进行分析。
50岁的成年人比年轻成年人产生更多的舌尖现象，并且70岁及以上的成年人舌尖现象增加更为明显，这与他们的词汇水平无关。老年人解决舌尖现象的能力比年轻人弱，但语音启动可以提高舌尖现象的解决能力。
衰老会削弱专有名词检索过程中的激活，但语音启动会增加激活并改善词汇通达。
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