Palmstierna Tom, Barredal Eva
Division of Forensic Psychiatry, Institution of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Insitutet, P.O. Box 4044, SE-141 04, Stockholm, Sweden.
Nord J Psychiatry. 2006;60(6):447-51. doi: 10.1080/08039480601021803.
Even though much is known about individual risk factors for institutional violence, large variations in frequency between institutions still remain unexplained. Staff attitudes have been pointed out as a possible important and explaining factor. The Perception of Aggression Scale (POAS) is a newly developed attitude inventory assessing nurses' attitudes toward aggressive patients. The aims of this study are to evaluate the factor structure of the Swedish version of the POAS and to evaluate its discriminatory capacity in different groups of nurses. The shortened POAS was handed out to 357 nurses at 12 different psychiatric wards in Sweden. Responses were analysed with exploratory principal component factor analysis. The emerging factors were correlated in a rank-transformed multiple regression analysis to individual characteristics of each nurse. The factor analyses revealed exactly the same factor structure in this Swedish sample of nurses as in previous German and Dutch studies. When expanding the factor analysis, a three-factor solution emerged. It was also found that the factor "Aggression as a protective measure" was correlated to age and experience of aggression management training while the factor "Aggression as dysfunctional/undesirable phenomenon" was sensitive for gender. The shortened 12-item POAS contains three discrete dimensions and thus seems to be a solid tool for evaluating attitudes towards violence. Of special interest is the possibility that the factor "Aggression as a protective measure" could be sensitive to training. Further studies should correlate dimensions of staff attitudes to the occurrence of inpatient violence.
尽管我们对机构暴力的个体风险因素已经有了很多了解，但机构之间在暴力发生频率上的巨大差异仍无法得到解释。员工态度被指出是一个可能重要且具有解释力的因素。攻击感知量表（POAS）是一种新开发的态度量表，用于评估护士对具有攻击性患者的态度。本研究的目的是评估瑞典版POAS的因子结构，并评估其在不同护士群体中的区分能力。缩短版的POAS被分发给瑞典12个不同精神科病房的357名护士。采用探索性主成分因子分析对回答进行分析。在秩转换多元回归分析中，将新出现的因子与每位护士的个体特征进行相关性分析。因子分析显示，在这个瑞典护士样本中得到的因子结构与之前德国和荷兰的研究完全相同。在扩展因子分析时，出现了一个三因子解决方案。研究还发现，“攻击作为一种保护措施”这一因子与年龄和攻击管理培训经验相关，而“攻击作为功能失调/不良现象”这一因子对性别敏感。缩短版的12项POAS包含三个离散维度，因此似乎是评估对暴力态度的一个可靠工具。特别值得关注的是，“攻击作为一种保护措施”这一因子可能对培训敏感。进一步的研究应将员工态度维度与住院患者暴力事件的发生情况进行相关性分析。
