Shi Yining, He Ping, Zhao Hongying, Cao Wenjing
Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an 710003, China.
Yan Ke Xue Bao. 2005 Dec;21(4):131-6.
To obtain the basic data of refractive status, especially the myopia prevalence rate in Xi'an middle school students.
The cross-sectional study was conducted in two Xi'an city middle schools. The object ophthlmic examinations such as non-cycloplegic objective refraction, visual acuity, oculr pressure and fundus evaluation were taken on all students by special trained ophthalmologists and nurses. The special designed inventory scale was filled in and input in a special computer program. Then the data were statistically analyzed with SPSS11.0.
(1) In the 3711 middle school students (average age of 13-18 years), the prevalence rate of myopia was 91.2%, including 51.7% low myopia, 31.8% moderate myopia, 7.7% high myopia, 5.7% emmetropia and 3.1% hypermetropia. Among 6 grades, the constituents of moderate and high myopia groups were significantly increased with the age growing. (2) The average diopter of spherical equivalent refraction was (-2.76 +/- 2.24)D, that of low myopia was (-1.68 +/- 0.76)D, moderate myopia (-4.35 +/- 0.84)D and high myopia (-7.47 +/- 1.33)D. In the junior 1st grade the average diopter of spherical equivalent refraction was (-1.57 +/- 1.66)D, the junior 2nd, (-1.94 +/- 2.04)D,the junior 3rd, (-3.26 +/- 2.09)D, the senior 1st grade' (-3.29 +/- 2.49)D, the senior 2nd, (-3.09 +/- 2.31)D and the senior 3nd, (-3.57 +/- 2.25) D. There were significant differences (P=0.000) in the average diopter of spherical equivalent refraction in all the 6 grades. However, there was no significant difference among the junior 3rd, senior 1st and senior 2nd grade. (3) The degree of myopia in female students [(-2.88 +/- 2.25)D] and the right eyes [(-2.86 +/- 2.19)]D was significantly higher than that in male students [(-2.65 +/- 2.23)D] (P = 0.000) and the left eyes [(-2.67 +/- 2.29)D] (P = 0.009) respectively.
The constituesnts of myopia were definitely changed in and above the junior 3rd grade; meanwhile the progression of myopia in female students and the right eyes is earlier than that in male students and the left eyes'. The result indicates that interventions of myopia progression performed at the stage may retard the myopia progression and reduce the prevalence of myopia.
获取西安中学生屈光状态的基础数据，尤其是近视患病率。
在西安市两所中学开展横断面研究。由经过专门培训的眼科医生和护士对所有学生进行非散瞳客观验光、视力、眼压及眼底评估等眼科检查。学生填写专门设计的调查表并录入专门的计算机程序。然后用SPSS11.0软件对数据进行统计分析。
（1）在3711名中学生（平均年龄13 - 18岁）中，近视患病率为91.2%，其中轻度近视占51.7%，中度近视占31.8%，高度近视占7.7%，正视占5.7%，远视占3.1%。在6个年级中，中度和高度近视组的构成比例随年龄增长显著增加。（2）等效球镜平均屈光度为（-2.76±2.24）D，轻度近视为（-1.68±0.76）D，中度近视为（-4.35±0.84）D，高度近视为（-7.47±1.33）D。初一年级等效球镜平均屈光度为（-1.57±1.66）D，初二年级为（-1.94±2.04）D，初三年级为（-3.26±2.09）D，高一年级为（-3.29±2.49）D，高二年级为（-3.09±2.31）D，高三年级为（-3.57±2.25）D。6个年级的等效球镜平均屈光度差异有统计学意义（P = 0.000）。然而，初三年级、高一年级和高二年级之间差异无统计学意义。（3）女生近视度数[（-2.88±2.25）D]及右眼近视度数[（-2.86±2.19）D]分别显著高于男生[（-2.65±2.23）D]（P = 0.000）及左眼[（-2.67±2.29）D]（P = 0.009）。
初三年级及以上近视构成有明显变化；同时女生和右眼近视进展早于男生和左眼。结果表明在此阶段进行近视进展干预可能延缓近视进展并降低近视患病率。
Zotero 插件