Chen Yanming, Shi Yining, Yang Le
Eye Sci. 2014 Mar;29(1):36-42.
To observe the refractive status, especially the tendency for evolution of high myopia, in eyes of Chinese school children from Xi'an city.
The study was conducted in 11514 eyes of the 5757 students aged between 7-18 years in Xi 'an city primary and high schools. The inclusion criterion was > -6D of the spherical equivalent refraction. The object ophthalmic examinations were done, included non-cycloplegic objective refraction, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus evaluation by ophthalmologists and nurses with professional training. Specially designed questionnaires were filled in and the data were statistically analyzed with SPSS10.0.
Of 11514 eyes, the detection rate was 81.4% (9376 eyes) for myopia and 5.3% (615 eyes) for high myopia. High myopia was found in 2.6% (300 eyes) of right eyes, 2.7% (315 eyes) in left eyes, and 2.4% (275 eyes) were in boys and 2.9% (340 eyes) in girls. Among 12 school grades, the detection rates of high myopia increased significantly with student age, with 0.9% in the 1st grade of primary school and 12.5% in the 3rd year of senior middle school. The average refractive error of spherical equivalent refraction was (-7.43 ± 1.29) D with 95% confidence interval (-7.54, -7.33). No significant differences were found between the right and left eyes or both genders. The distribution of myopic severity was lowest(-6D) in primary school students younger than 12 years, was higher (-8D) in junior middle school students older than 13 years, and highest (-13D) in senior middle school students.
A continuous growth was evident in the severity of high myopia throughout 12 years of primary and middle school except for the first year of primary school, with growth occurring in two transitional stages between the senior primary and junior middle school years, and between the junior and senior middle school years. The distribution of high myopia was lowest, at -6D, in primary school, increased to -8D in junior middle school, and progressed to -10D in senior middle school, indicating a high risk of development of pathologic myopia during the students' later lifespan. The adolescent period of 13 to 18 years of age in middle school is a critical period for the development of pathological myopia over -8D.
观察西安市学龄儿童眼睛的屈光状态，尤其是高度近视的发展趋势。
对西安市中小学5757名7至18岁学生的11514只眼睛进行研究。纳入标准为等效球镜屈光度数＞-6D。进行了包括非睫状肌麻痹客观验光、视力、眼压、由经过专业培训的眼科医生和护士进行眼底评估等眼科检查。填写了专门设计的问卷，并使用SPSS10.0进行统计分析。
在11514只眼睛中，近视检出率为81.4%（9376只眼），高度近视检出率为5.3%（615只眼）。右眼高度近视占2.6%（300只眼），左眼占2.7%（315只眼）；男生占2.4%（275只眼），女生占2.9%（340只眼）。在12个年级中，高度近视检出率随学生年龄显著增加，小学一年级为0.9%，高中三年级为12.5%。等效球镜屈光平均误差为（-7.43±1.29）D，95%置信区间为（-7.54，-7.33）。左右眼及不同性别之间未发现显著差异。近视严重程度分布在12岁以下小学生中最低（-6D），13岁以上初中生中较高（-8D），高中生中最高（-13D）。
除小学一年级外，在小学和中学的12年期间，高度近视严重程度呈持续增长趋势，在小学高年级与初中、初中与高中之间的两个过渡阶段出现增长。高度近视分布在小学时最低为-6D，初中时增至-8D，高中时进展至-10D，表明学生在后期有发生病理性近视的高风险。中学13至18岁的青春期是病理性近视发展超过-8D的关键时期。
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