Kuusisto Sari, Lindroos Outi, Rantio Tiina, Priha Eero, Tuhkanen Tuula
Tampere University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Tampere, Finland.
Chemosphere. 2007 Apr;67(6):1194-201. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.10.060. Epub 2006 Dec 12.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been used in diverse purposes such as indoor paints. Removal of these paints with dust creating techniques, like sandblasting, will result in contamination of building surfaces with PCB-containing dust. Objectives of this study was to analyze the PCB concentrations on surfaces after sandblasting with silica using wipe samples and estimate the resulting health risks and further calculate the risk based acceptable PCB surface concentrations that do not cause incremental lifetime cancer risk higher that 10(-5) or does not cause immunosupression effects in residential use or in occupational settings. Both deterministic and probabilistic approaches were used. The total PCB concentrations on surfaces ranged from 10 to 1100 microg/m(2). Estimated cancer risk was 1.2 x 10(-4) for childhood exposure, 1.3 x 10(-5) for adult residents and 1.5 x 10(-5) for occupational exposure. Probabilistic risk assessment revealed that point estimates were quite reasonable and located between 45th and 79th percentiles on probabilistic distribution of risk. The noncancer risks were calculated as hazard quotients (HQ) which ranged from 3.3 to 35 depending on the exposure scenario. Acceptable surface concentrations based on noncancer effects that are protective for 95% of exposed population were 7 microg/m(2) for residential use, 65 microg/m(2) for residential use if only adults will be exposed and 140 microg/m(2) for occupational use. Preliminary cleanup experiment revealed that when contaminated dust was carefully removed with industrial vacuum cleaner and further washed with terpene containing liquid the surface concentration dropped below the acceptable levels calculated in this study.
多氯联苯（PCBs）曾被用于多种用途，如室内涂料。采用喷砂等会产生粉尘的技术去除这些涂料，将导致含多氯联苯的粉尘污染建筑表面。本研究的目的是通过擦拭样本分析用二氧化硅喷砂后表面的多氯联苯浓度，估计由此产生的健康风险，并进一步计算基于风险的可接受多氯联苯表面浓度，该浓度不会导致终生癌症风险增量高于10^(-5)，也不会在住宅使用或职业环境中产生免疫抑制作用。研究采用了确定性方法和概率性方法。表面的多氯联苯总浓度范围为10至1100微克/平方米。儿童暴露的估计癌症风险为1.2×10^(-4)，成年居民为1.3×10^(-5)，职业暴露为1.5×10^(-5)。概率风险评估表明，点估计相当合理，位于风险概率分布的第45至79百分位数之间。非癌症风险以危险商数（HQ）计算，根据暴露情况，其范围为3.3至35。基于对95%暴露人群具有保护作用的非癌症效应的可接受表面浓度，住宅使用为7微克/平方米，若仅成年人暴露则住宅使用为65微克/平方米，职业使用为140微克/平方米。初步清理实验表明，当用工业吸尘器小心清除受污染粉尘并进一步用含萜烯液体冲洗时，表面浓度降至本研究计算出的可接受水平以下。
