Geochemistry: biosignatures and abiotic constraints on early life.

Ueno et al. contend that methane found in fluid inclusions within hydrothermally precipitated quartz in the Dresser Formation of western Australia (which is roughly 3.5 Gyr old) provides evidence for microbial methanogenesis in the early Archaean era. The authors discount alternative origins for this methane, suggesting that the range of delta(13)C(CH(4)) values that they record (-56 to -36 per thousand) is attributable to mixing between a primary microbial end-member with a delta(13)C(CH(4)) value of less than -56 per thousand and a mature thermogenic gas enriched in (13)C (about -36 per thousand). However, abiotic methane produced experimentally and in other Precambrian greenstone settings has (13)C-depleted delta(13)C(CH(4)) values, as well as Delta(13)C(CO(2)-CH(4)) relationships that encompass the range measured for the inclusions by Ueno et al. - which suggests that an alternative, abiotic origin for the methane is equally plausible. The conclusions of Ueno et al. about the timing of the onset of microbial methanogenesis might not therefore be justified.