Wolraich Mark L
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2006 Dec;13(4):279-85. doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2006.09.008.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a challenging condition to diagnose and treat. For diagnosis, the clinician needs to establish the presence of ADHD on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria requiring information from parents and teachers and considering both alternative diagnoses and co-occurring conditions. In the treatment of ADHD as a chronic illness, the clinician needs to educate the family about the condition and partner with them about treatment decisions. The 2 treatments with demonstrated efficacy for ADHD are medications (stimulant medications and a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibiter) and behavior-modification programs.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种诊断和治疗都颇具挑战性的病症。对于诊断而言，临床医生需要依据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》的标准来确定ADHD的存在，这需要来自家长和教师的信息，并要考虑替代诊断和共病情况。在将ADHD作为一种慢性病进行治疗时，临床医生需要向家庭介绍该病症，并就治疗决策与他们合作。已证明对ADHD有效的两种治疗方法是药物治疗（兴奋剂药物和选择性去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂）和行为矫正计划。
