Meyer Anne, Baier Robert, Wood Christina Darkangelo, Stein Judith, Truby Kathryn, Holm Eric, Montemarano Jean, Kavanagh Christopher, Nedved Brian, Smith Celia, Swain Geoff, Wiebe Deborah
Industry/University Center for Biosurfaces, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA.
Biofouling. 2006;22(5-6):411-23. doi: 10.1080/08927010601025473.
Silicone coatings with critical surface tensions (CST) between 20 and 30 mN m-1 more easily release diverse types of biofouling than do materials of higher and lower CST. Oils added to these coatings selectively further diminish the attachment strengths of different marine fouling organisms, without significantly modifying the initial CST. In a search for the mechanisms of this improved biofouling resistance, the interfacial instabilities of four silicone coatings were characterised by comprehensive contact angle analyses, using up to 12 different diagnostic fluids selected to mimic the side chain chemistries of the common amino acids of bioadhesive proteins. The surfaces of painted steel test panels were characterised both before and after exposure to freshwater, brackish water, and seawater over periods ranging from 9 months to nearly 4 years. Contact angle measurements demonstrated significant surface activity of the oil-amended coatings both before and after long-term underwater exposure. The surface activity of the control (coating without oil) increased as a result of underwater exposure, consistent with mild surface chain scission and hydrolysis imparting a self-surfactancy to the coating and providing a weak boundary layer promoting continuing easy release of attaching foulants. Coatings with additives that most effectively reduced biofouling showed both initial and persistent contact angle anomalies for the test liquid, thiodiglycol, suggesting lower-shear biofouling release mechanisms based upon diminished bioadhesive crosslinking by interfering with hydrogen- and sulfhydryl bonds. Swelling of the silicone elastomeric coatings by hydrocarbon fluids was observed for all four coatings, before and after immersion.
临界表面张力（CST）在20至30 mN m-1之间的有机硅涂层比CST更高和更低的材料更容易释放各种类型的生物污垢。添加到这些涂层中的油选择性地进一步降低了不同海洋污损生物的附着强度，而不会显著改变初始CST。为了寻找这种提高的抗生物污损机制，通过全面的接触角分析对四种有机硅涂层的界面不稳定性进行了表征，使用了多达12种不同的诊断液，这些诊断液被选择用来模拟生物粘附蛋白常见氨基酸的侧链化学性质。在涂漆钢测试面板暴露于淡水、微咸水和海水中9个月至近4年的时间段前后，对其表面进行了表征。接触角测量表明，在长期水下暴露之前和之后，含油改性涂层都具有显著的表面活性。对照涂层（不含油的涂层）的表面活性由于水下暴露而增加，这与轻微的表面链断裂和水解使涂层具有自表面活性并提供一个弱边界层从而促进附着污垢的持续轻松释放是一致的。最有效地减少生物污损的添加剂涂层对测试液体硫代二甘醇表现出初始和持续的接触角异常，这表明基于通过干扰氢键和巯基键减少生物粘附交联的低剪切生物污损释放机制。在浸没之前和之后，观察到所有四种涂层的有机硅弹性体涂层都被烃类流体溶胀。
