Nicodemus N, García J, Carabaño R, De Blas J C
Departamento de Producción Animal, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
J Anim Sci. 2007 Jan;85(1):181-7. doi: 10.2527/jas.2005-365.
The aim of this work was to determine what concentration of a mixture of soybean hulls and defatted grape seed meal (SHDG) could be included in diets that meet or exceed ADL and particle size requirements for rabbits. Four isonitrogenous and isofibrous pelleted diets were formulated, with similar ADL concentration and particle size (18.3% CP, 42.6% NDF, 7.1% ADL, and 34.9% of particles larger than 0.315 mm, on a DM basis). Diets contained a constant ratio of soybean hulls:defatted grape seed meal (81:19) provided at 0, 13.3, 26.7, or 40% SHDG, which was substituted for a 35:35:30 mixture of alfalfa hay, sunflower hulls, and wheat straw. Thirty-six rabbits were used to determine nutrient digestibility and cecotrophy traits. A feeding trial was carried out using 160 weanling rabbits (30 d of age; 536 +/- 7.1 g). Milk production was measured in 56 rabbit does. Increasing concentrations of SHDG in the diet did not affect digestibilities of DM, GE, or NDF or DE that were on average 54.7, 55.2, and 21.6% and 10.2 MJ/kg of DM, respectively. Digestibility of CP decreased in diets containing 40% (P = 0.002) and 26.7% (P = 0.054) SHDG compared with diets containing a lower percent of SHDG. Daily recycling of CP through cecotrophy, an indicator of microbial protein production, was not affected by SHDG inclusion. Growing rabbits fed 40% SHDG had reduced ADFI and ADG compared with rabbits fed 26.7% SHDG or less (106 vs. 113, 111, or 111 g/d, and 35.8 vs. 37.8, 36.6, or 37.6 g/d, respectively). There was no effect on G:F from adding SHDG to the diets. In the 2-wk period after weaning, ADG decreased (P = 0.031) for rabbits fed 40% SHDG compared with rabbits fed 26.7% SHDG or less (28.4 vs. 32.2, 30.8, of 32.2 g/d), with no effect on ADFI or G:F. Type of diet did not influence mortality during the fattening period, which averaged 6.25%. Rabbit does fed 40% SHDG had reduced ADFI (411 vs. 430 g/d; P = 0.023) compared with rabbits fed 26.7% SHDG or less, with no effect (P > 0.11) on milk production, weight of the litter at 21 d and at weaning (30 d), or parturition-effective mating interval. In conclusion, SHDG can be included up to 26.7% in diets for fattening rabbits and lactating does that meet ADL and particle size requirements.
本研究的目的是确定在满足或超过家兔酸性洗涤木质素（ADL）和粒度要求的日粮中，大豆皮与脱脂葡萄籽粕混合物（SHDG）的适宜添加浓度。配制了四种等氮等纤维的颗粒日粮，其ADL浓度和粒度相似（以干物质计，粗蛋白18.3%、中性洗涤纤维42.6%、酸性洗涤木质素7.1%，大于0.315 mm的颗粒占34.9%）。日粮中大豆皮与脱脂葡萄籽粕的比例恒定为81:19，分别以0、13.3%、26.7%或40%的SHDG替代苜蓿干草、向日葵壳和小麦秸秆35:35:30的混合物。选用36只家兔测定营养物质消化率和盲肠食粪特性。采用160只断奶仔兔（30日龄；体重536±7.1 g）进行饲养试验。测定了56只母兔的产奶量。日粮中SHDG浓度增加，对干物质、总能、中性洗涤纤维的消化率或消化能没有影响，其平均值分别为54.7%、55.2%、21.6%和10.2 MJ/kg干物质。与SHDG含量较低的日粮相比，含40%（P = 0.002）和26.7%（P = 0.054）SHDG的日粮中粗蛋白消化率降低。通过盲肠食粪对粗蛋白的每日再循环是微生物蛋白产生的一个指标，不受SHDG添加的影响。与饲喂26.7%及以下SHDG的家兔相比，饲喂40% SHDG的生长兔采食量（ADFI）和日增重（ADG）降低（分别为106 vs. 113、111或111 g/d，以及35.8 vs. 37.8、36.6或37.6 g/d）。日粮中添加SHDG对料重比（G:F）没有影响。在断奶后的2周内，与饲喂26.7%及以下SHDG的家兔相比，饲喂40% SHDG的家兔ADG降低（P = 0.031）（分别为28.4 vs. 32.2、30.8或32.2 g/d），对ADFI或G:F没有影响。日粮类型对育肥期死亡率没有影响，平均死亡率为6.25%。与饲喂26.7%及以下SHDG的母兔相比，饲喂40% SHDG的母兔ADFI降低（411 vs. 430 g/d；P = 0.023），对产奶量、21日龄和断奶（30日龄）时的窝重或分娩至有效配种间隔没有影响（P > 0.11）。总之，在满足ADL和粒度要求的育肥兔和泌乳母兔日粮中，SHDG的添加量可高达26.7%。
