Bowen B W, Grant W S, Hillis-Starr Z, Shaver D J, Bjorndal K A, Bolten A B, Bass A L
Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA.
Mol Ecol. 2007 Jan;16(1):49-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03096.x.
Hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) migrate between nesting beaches and feeding habitats that are often associated with tropical reefs, but it is uncertain which nesting colonies supply which feeding habitats. To address this gap in hawksbill biology, we compile previously published and new mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype data for 10 nesting colonies (N = 347) in the western Atlantic and compare these profiles to four feeding populations and four previously published feeding samples (N = 626). Nesting colonies differ significantly in mtDNA haplotype frequencies (Phi(ST) = 0.588, P < 0.001), corroborating earlier conclusions of nesting site fidelity and setting the stage for mixed-stock analysis. Feeding aggregations show lower but significant structure (Phi(ST) = 0.089, P < 0.001), indicating that foraging populations are not homogenous across the Caribbean Sea. Bayesian mixed-stock estimates of the origins of juveniles in foraging areas show a highly significant, but shallow, correlation with nesting population size (r = 0.378, P = 0.004), supporting the premise that larger rookeries contribute more juveniles to feeding areas. A significant correlation between the estimated contribution and geographical distance from nesting areas (r = -0.394, P = 0.003) demonstrates the influence of proximity on recruitment to feeding areas. The influence of oceanic currents is illustrated by pelagic stage juveniles stranded in Texas, which are assigned primarily (93%) to the upstream rookery in Yucatan. One juvenile had a haplotype previously identified only in the eastern Atlantic, invoking rare trans-oceanic migrations. The mixed-stock analysis demonstrates that harvests in feeding habitats will impact nesting colonies throughout the region, with the greatest detriment to nearby nesting populations.
玳瑁（Eretmochelys imbricata）在筑巢海滩和觅食栖息地之间迁徙，这些觅食栖息地通常与热带珊瑚礁有关，但不确定哪些筑巢群体为哪些觅食栖息地提供海龟。为了填补玳瑁生物学中的这一空白，我们收集了西大西洋10个筑巢群体（N = 347）先前发表的和新的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）单倍型数据，并将这些图谱与四个觅食种群和四个先前发表的觅食样本（N = 626）进行比较。筑巢群体的mtDNA单倍型频率存在显著差异（Phi(ST) = 0.588，P < 0.001），证实了先前关于筑巢地点保真度的结论，并为混合群体分析奠定了基础。觅食群体显示出较低但显著的结构（Phi(ST) = 0.089，P < 0.001），表明整个加勒比海的觅食种群并非同质。对觅食区域幼龟来源的贝叶斯混合群体估计显示，与筑巢种群大小存在高度显著但微弱的相关性（r = 0.378，P = 0.004），支持了较大的繁殖群体为觅食区域贡献更多幼龟的前提。估计贡献与距筑巢区域的地理距离之间存在显著相关性（r = -0.394，P = 0.003），这表明距离对进入觅食区域的影响。在得克萨斯州搁浅的浮游阶段幼龟说明了洋流的影响，这些幼龟主要（93%）被分配到尤卡坦的上游繁殖群体。一只幼龟的单倍型先前仅在东大西洋被鉴定出，这表明存在罕见的跨洋迁徙。混合群体分析表明，觅食栖息地的捕捞将影响整个区域的筑巢群体，对附近的筑巢种群造成的损害最大。
