Kraus Steve
Dent Clin North Am. 2007 Jan;51(1):161-93, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2006.10.001.
Head and orofacial pain originates from dental, neurologic, musculoskeletal, otolaryngologic, vascular, metaplastic, or infectious disease. It is treated by many health care practitioners, such as dentists, oral surgeons, and physicians. The article focuses on the nonpathologic involvement of the musculoskeletal system as a source of head and orofacial pain. The areas of the musculoskeletal system that are reviewed include the temporomandibular joint and muscles of mastication--collectively referred to as temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and cervical spine disorders. The first part of the article highlights the role of physical therapy in the treatment of TMDs. The second part discusses cervical spine considerations in the management of TMDs and head and orofacial symptoms. It concludes with and overview of the evaluation and treatment of the cervical spine.
头部和口腔面部疼痛源于牙科、神经、肌肉骨骼、耳鼻喉、血管、化生或感染性疾病。许多医疗从业者，如牙医、口腔外科医生和内科医生都可以对其进行治疗。本文重点关注肌肉骨骼系统作为头部和口腔面部疼痛来源的非病理性影响。所回顾的肌肉骨骼系统区域包括颞下颌关节和咀嚼肌——统称为颞下颌关节紊乱症（TMDs）和颈椎疾病。文章的第一部分强调了物理治疗在颞下颌关节紊乱症治疗中的作用。第二部分讨论了在颞下颌关节紊乱症以及头部和口腔面部症状管理中对颈椎的考量。文章最后对颈椎的评估和治疗进行了概述。
