头虱的间接传播

Fomite transmission in head lice.

作者信息

Burkhart Craig N, Burkhart Craig G

机构信息

Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

出版信息

J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007 Jun;56(6):1044-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.10.979. Epub 2006 Dec 20.

DOI:10.1016/j.jaad.2006.10.979

PMID:17187895

Abstract

Control of various infestations requires an accurate understanding of transmission. After thousands of years of lice infestation, scientific documentation of indirect contact transmission has been substantiated. Lice can be transferred in the egg, instar, and adult stages. Lice have now been shown in the laboratory to be readily dislodged by air movements such as blow-drying one's hair, combing, and toweling. Moreover, passive transfer to adjoining fabric is also frequently observed. Louse transmission by fomites occurs more frequently than has been commonly believed. Close proximity suffices to increase the likeliness of a new infestation. Thus louse control measures should take account of fomite transmission and include screening of all individuals within an infested person's immediate circle of contact, laundering of everything within the infested individuals' bed or quarantining of such material for 10 days, thorough vacuuming of floors, carpets, upholstery, with a standard vacuum cleaner.

摘要

控制各种寄生虫感染需要准确了解传播途径。经过数千年的虱子感染，间接接触传播的科学文献已得到证实。虱子可在卵、若虫和成虫阶段传播。现已在实验室证明，吹风机吹干头发、梳理和用毛巾擦拭等空气流动很容易使虱子脱落。此外，虱子也经常被动转移到相邻的织物上。通过污染物传播虱子的情况比人们普遍认为的更为频繁。近距离接触就足以增加新感染的可能性。因此，虱子控制措施应考虑污染物传播，包括对受感染个体直接接触圈内的所有人进行筛查，清洗受感染个体床上的所有物品或对这些物品进行10天的隔离，用标准吸尘器彻底吸尘地板、地毯和室内装饰品。