McCann Samuel M, De Laurentiis Andrea, Rettori Valeria
Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Nov;1088:1-11. doi: 10.1196/annals.1366.010.
This review documents the remarkable progress over the last 50 years of our knowledge of the control of anterior pituitary hormone release and synthesis by a family of peptidic releasing and inhibiting hormones, synthesized in hypothalamic neurons and released into the hypophysial portal vessels. These vessels transport them to the anterior pituitary, where they stimulate release and synthesis of pituitary hormones or inhibit these processes. In general, there are at least two hypothalamic hormones for each pituitary hormone-vasopressin and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) for adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GIH) for growth hormone (GH). Some of these hormones have extrapituitary action: for example, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) stimulates mating behavior. High doses of LHRH have an inhibitory action on the growth of prostate cancer. Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines act not only in the brain, but also on the pituitary and peripheral tissues. All of these transmitters are controlled by neuronal transmitters. We anticipate further rapid progress and clinical application of these transmitters and the discovery of new ones.
本综述记录了过去50年里，我们在了解一类肽类释放和抑制激素对腺垂体激素释放和合成的控制方面所取得的显著进展。这类激素在下丘脑神经元中合成，释放到垂体门脉血管中。这些血管将它们输送到腺垂体，在那里它们刺激垂体激素的释放和合成，或抑制这些过程。一般来说，每种垂体激素至少有两种下丘脑激素——抗利尿激素和促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）作用于促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH），生长激素释放激素（GHRH）和生长激素抑制激素（GIH）作用于生长激素（GH）。其中一些激素具有垂体外作用：例如，促黄体生成素释放激素（LHRH）刺激交配行为。高剂量的LHRH对前列腺癌的生长有抑制作用。促炎和抗炎细胞因子不仅在大脑中起作用，也作用于垂体和外周组织。所有这些递质都受神经递质的控制。我们预计这些递质将取得进一步的快速进展和临床应用，并发现新的递质。
