Stojek Nimfa, Dutkiewicz Jacek
Department of Occupational Biohazards, Institute of Agricultural Medicine, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2006;13(2):323-35.
A total of 107 potable water samples were collected from various rural and urban sources located in the Lublin region (eastern Poland). 54 samples from rural sources comprised 32 samples of untreated well water and 22 samples of treated (chlorinated) tap water from rural dwellings distributed by the municipal water supply system (MWSS). 53 samples of treated water from urban sources were supplied by the city of Lublin MWSS. They comprised: 11 samples of tap water from offices and shops, 8 samples of tap water from dwellings, 19 samples from showerheads in health care units, and 15 samples from the outlets of medical appliances used for hydrotherapy in a rehabilitation centre. Water samples were examined for the presence and species composition of Legionella, Yersinia, Gram-negative bacteria belonging to family Enterobacteriaceae (GNB-E) and Gram-negative bacteria not belonging to family Enterobacteriaceae (GNB-NE), by filtering through cellulose filters and culture on respectively GVPC, CIN, EMB and tryptic soya agar media. Legionella was recovered from samples of well water, tap water from rural dwellings, tap water from urban dwellings, and water from medical appliances - with the isolation frequency of 27.8-50.0 %, and the low concentrations ranging from 0.7-13.3 x 10 (1) cfu/l. No Legionella strains were detected in tap water from offices and shops, and in water from showerheads in health care units. Strains of the Legionella pneumophila types 2-14 predominated, forming 89.9 % of total Legionella isolates, while other species of Legionella formed 10.1 %. Neither Legionella pneumophila type 1 strains nor Yersinia strains were isolated from the examined water samples. The isolation frequency and mean concentration of GNB-E in water samples from rural sources was significantly greater than in water samples from urban sources (respectively 61.1 % vs. 20.8 %, 17.1 vs. 3.4 x 10(1) cfu/l, p < 0.001). Isolation frequency of GNB-NE in water samples from rural sources was significantly greater compared to that from urban sources (77.8 % vs. 47.2 %, p < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in the concentration of GNB-NE in both sample sets. A significant correlation was found between concentrations of Legionella and GNB-NE for total MWSS water samples (p < 0.001), but not for the total well water samples. Altogether 34 GNB-E and GNB-NE species and/or genera were identified in the examined samples, out of which 21 were potentially pathogenic. Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., and Pantoea agglomerans were most common among GNB-E, while Acinetobacter spp. and species of Pseudomonadaceae family predominated among GNB-NE.
共采集了107份饮用水样本，这些样本来自位于波兰东部卢布林地区的不同城乡水源。54份农村水源样本包括32份未处理的井水样本和22份由市政供水系统（MWSS）供应的农村住宅处理（氯化）自来水样本。53份城市水源处理水样本由卢布林市MWSS提供。它们包括：11份办公室和商店的自来水样本、8份住宅的自来水样本、19份医疗保健单位淋浴喷头的水样本以及15份康复中心用于水疗的医疗设备出水口的水样本。通过纤维素滤膜过滤，并分别在GVPC、CIN、EMB和胰蛋白胨大豆琼脂培养基上培养，检测水样中军团菌、耶尔森菌、肠杆菌科革兰氏阴性菌（GNB-E）和非肠杆菌科革兰氏阴性菌（GNB-NE）的存在及种类组成。在井水、农村住宅自来水、城市住宅自来水和医疗设备用水样本中检测到了军团菌，分离频率为27.8 - 50.0%，低浓度范围为0.7 - 13.3×10（1）cfu/l。在办公室和商店的自来水以及医疗保健单位淋浴喷头的水中未检测到军团菌菌株。嗜肺军团菌2 - 14型菌株占主导，占军团菌分离株总数的89.9%，而其他军团菌种类占10.1%。在所检测的水样中未分离出嗜肺军团菌1型菌株和耶尔森菌菌株。农村水源水样中GNB-E的分离频率和平均浓度显著高于城市水源水样（分别为61.1%对20.8%，17.1对3.4×10（1）cfu/l，p < 0.001）。农村水源水样中GNB-NE的分离频率显著高于城市水源水样（77.8%对47.2%，p < 0.01），但两组样本中GNB-NE的浓度无显著差异。在MWSS总水样中发现军团菌浓度与GNB-NE浓度之间存在显著相关性（p < 0.001），但在总井水样本中未发现。在所检测的样本中共鉴定出34种GNB-E和GNB-NE物种和/或属，其中21种具有潜在致病性。肠杆菌属、克雷伯菌属、沙雷菌属和成团泛菌在GNB-E中最为常见，而不动杆菌属和假单胞菌科物种在GNB-NE中占主导。
