INTRODUCTION: Bibliometric studies belong to the so-called 'social studies of science', and science policy constitutes one of its main applied fields, providing objective and useful tools for evaluating the results of scientific activity. Neurological sciences are very important in the bibliometric map of Spain about biomedicine and health sciences, from a quantitative (second thematic area in productivity, only after biology-biochemical) and a qualitative (high health costs and morbimortality) point of view. DEVELOPMENT: In Spain we can found about 360 biomedical journals, 18 of them related to the area of neurological sciences. In 2005, only 17 biomedical Spanish journals were in the Science Citation Index database, three of them in the field of neurosciences: Neurologia (impact factor = 0.57), Revista de Neurologia (0.39) and Neurocirugia (0.23), and these journals have also very good Latindex criteria about formal aspects. But it is important to mention that the impact factor specifically measures visibility and diffusion of the works published by these journals rather than their scientific quality. We search the answer to some questions about the present and future of biomedical journals in general and neurological journals in particular: paper or electronic publication?, free access or open access?, scientific journal or scientific article?, English or Spanish publication? CONCLUSIONS: The Acuerdo de Buenos Aires is an initiative to promote scientific neurological papers of high quality in Spanish. The current status of neurological journals in the bibliometric context of our country is good and open to the advantages of electronic and free access.