Janicka Sabina, Augustyniak Halina
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 5 Miedzychodzka St., Poznań, Poland.
Postepy Biochem. 2006;52(3):303-12.
The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of highly conserved proteins found in all eukaryotes - from the yeasts to mammals. They regulate several cellular processes recognizing unique conservative, mostly phosphorylated motif of partner proteins. Binding of the 14-3-3 proteins regulates their partners through a variety of mechanisms, such as altering their catalytic activity, subcellular localization, stability or altering their interactions with other protein molecules. The native 14-3-3 proteins are present in form of homo- and hetero-dimers. The most structurally variable N-and C-termini are responsible for isoform specific protein-protein interactions, and cellular localization. In plant cell, 14-3-3 proteins appear to play an important role in regulation of key enzymes of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, modulation ion pumps and channels. They are also involved in signal transduction pathways and even in gene expression.
14-3-3蛋白是一类高度保守的蛋白，存在于从酵母到哺乳动物的所有真核生物中。它们通过识别伴侣蛋白独特的保守基序（大多为磷酸化基序）来调节多种细胞过程。14-3-3蛋白的结合通过多种机制调节其伴侣蛋白，例如改变它们的催化活性、亚细胞定位、稳定性或改变它们与其他蛋白质分子的相互作用。天然的14-3-3蛋白以同二聚体和异二聚体的形式存在。结构变化最大的N端和C端负责异构体特异性的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用以及细胞定位。在植物细胞中，14-3-3蛋白似乎在碳氮代谢关键酶的调节、离子泵和离子通道的调节中发挥重要作用。它们还参与信号转导途径，甚至参与基因表达。
