Biesanz Jeremy C, West Stephen G, Millevoi Allison
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007 Jan;92(1):119-35. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.119.
Theory and research examining length of acquaintance and consensus among personality judgments have predominantly examined each dimension of personality separately. In L. J. Cronbach's (1955) terminology, this trait-centered approach combines consensus on elevation, differential elevation, and differential accuracy in personality judgments. The current article extends D. A. Kenny's (1991, 1994) weighted average model (WAM)--a theoretical model of the factors that influence agreement among personality judgments--to separate out two of Cronbach's components of consensus: stereotype accuracy and differential accuracy. Consistent with the predictions based on the WAM, as length of acquaintance increased, self-other agreement and consensus differential accuracy increased, stereotype accuracy decreased, and trait-level or raw profile correlations generally remained unchanged. Discussion focuses on the conditions under which a relationship between length of acquaintance and consensus and self-other agreement among personality evaluations emerges and how impressions change over time.
探讨人格判断中相识时长与共识的理论和研究，主要是分别考察人格的各个维度。用L. J. 克龙巴赫（1955年）的术语来说，这种以特质为中心的方法将人格判断中关于水平的共识、差异水平和差异准确性结合在了一起。本文扩展了D. A. 肯尼（1991年、1994年）的加权平均模型（WAM）——一个关于影响人格判断一致性因素的理论模型——以区分出克龙巴赫共识的两个组成部分：刻板印象准确性和差异准确性。与基于WAM的预测一致，随着相识时长增加，自我与他人的一致性以及共识差异准确性增加，刻板印象准确性降低，特质水平或原始轮廓相关性总体保持不变。讨论聚焦于相识时长与共识以及人格评价中自我与他人一致性之间关系出现的条件，以及印象如何随时间变化。
