Skov T, Cordtz T, Jensen L K, Saugman P, Schmidt K, Theilade P
Danish Cancer Registry, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, København.
Soc Sci Med. 1991;33(5):621-6. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(91)90220-7.
Ambient air quality is a major issue today in large cities all over the world. On the theoretical background of the health belief model and the health locus of control model, we studied the knowledge and beliefs about air pollution and the modifications of health behaviour brought about by information to the public about projected levels of air pollution, with special emphasis on reduction of outdoor activity and avoidance of car driving. Data were collected with a questionnaire among a sample of residents in the Copenhagen area. The respondents were almost universally knowledgeable about the prime emission source and concerned about the possible health effects of the air pollution in the area. Avoidance of outdoor activity was associated with personal experiences of symptoms ascribed to the air pollution, employment status, and with female sex, but not with knowledge or beliefs about the degree or health implications of the air pollution. The willingness to avoid car driving was positively associated with the belief that one can oneself influence one's health and with female sex. Lung diseased respondents were generally more prone to protect themselves than the healthy, both by avoiding outdoor activity and by being less willing to avoid car driving. The present study was conducted in an only moderately polluted city, and it is not clear whether the findings and conclusions can be generalized to more polluted cities. The study partly supported the underlying theories of the determinants of health behaviour, but also indicated a need for a broader theoretical framework, incorporating aspects of the respondents' life situation and personal experience which would be relevant to the specific type of health behaviour under study.
如今，在世界各地的大城市中，环境空气质量都是一个主要问题。基于健康信念模型和健康控制点模型的理论背景，我们研究了关于空气污染的知识和信念，以及向公众通报预计空气污染水平后所带来的健康行为改变，特别强调减少户外活动和避免开车。我们通过问卷调查收集了哥本哈根地区居民样本的数据。受访者几乎普遍了解主要排放源，并关注该地区空气污染可能对健康产生的影响。避免户外活动与归因于空气污染的个人症状体验、就业状况以及女性性别有关，但与对空气污染程度或健康影响的知识或信念无关。避免开车的意愿与认为自己能够影响自身健康的信念以及女性性别呈正相关。肺部疾病患者通常比健康人更倾向于保护自己，既包括避免户外活动，也包括不太愿意避免开车。本研究是在一个污染程度仅为中等的城市进行的，目前尚不清楚这些发现和结论是否能推广到污染更严重的城市。该研究部分支持了健康行为决定因素的基础理论，但也表明需要一个更广泛的理论框架，纳入与所研究的特定健康行为类型相关的受访者生活状况和个人经历等方面。
