Evidence, appropriateness, and technology assessment in cardiology: a case study of computed tomography.

As the volume, complexity, and cost of new medical technology increase, the need for evaluating benefits and risks becomes increasingly important. Once the formal requirements for Food and Drug Administration approval and insurance coverage are met, however, few systematic criteria are applied to ensure patient benefit. A more systematic policy approach regarding new technologies is needed, with input from balanced groups reviewing evidence of clinical outcomes data to determine patient benefit. This paper examines cardiac computed tomography angiography as a case study; it proposes procedures designed to ensure that the benefits of new technologies justify their costs.