Maryon Edward B, Molloy Shannon A, Zimnicka Adriana M, Kaplan Jack H
Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
Biometals. 2007 Jun;20(3-4):355-64. doi: 10.1007/s10534-006-9066-3. Epub 2007 Jan 9.
In this brief review we summarize what is known about the role of hCTR1 in mediating the entry of copper into human cells. There is a body of information that clearly identifies this protein as being a major source (though not the only source) of copper entry into human cells, and thus a crucial element of copper homeostasis. However, much remains that is poorly understood and key aspects of the physiological roles of hCTR1 and its regulation are only superficially appreciated. The particular characteristics of a transport process that in vivo involves the binding, transmembrane transport and release of a substrate that is not present in a free form in the intracellular or extracellular compartments poses particular challenges that are not encountered in the transport of more familiar physiologically important metal cations. Thus much of what we have learned about the more commonly encountered transported ions provides an inadequate model for studies of copper homeostasis. In this article we review progress made and identify the major questions that need to be resolved before an adequate description is attained of how copper entry into human cells is mediated and regulated by hCTR1.
在这篇简短的综述中，我们总结了关于人铜转运蛋白1（hCTR1）在介导铜进入人体细胞过程中所起作用的已知信息。有大量信息明确表明该蛋白是铜进入人体细胞的主要来源（尽管不是唯一来源），因此是铜稳态的关键要素。然而，仍有许多方面了解甚少，hCTR1的生理作用及其调节的关键方面仅得到表面认识。体内涉及一种在细胞内或细胞外区室中不以游离形式存在的底物的结合、跨膜转运和释放的转运过程的特殊特性带来了特殊挑战，这在更常见的生理重要金属阳离子的转运中并未遇到。因此，我们对更常见的被转运离子所了解的很多内容，为铜稳态研究提供了不充分的模型。在本文中，我们回顾了已取得的进展，并确定了在充分描述hCTR1如何介导和调节铜进入人体细胞之前需要解决的主要问题。
