George Lindsay, Stopa Lusia
Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2008 Mar;39(1):57-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.09.004. Epub 2007 Jan 9.
Clark and Wells' [(1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R.G. Heimberg, M. Liebowitz, D.A. Hope, & F. Schneier (Eds.). Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment. New York: Guildford Press] cognitive model of social phobia proposes that self-focused attention and construction of the self as a social object maintain anxiety. This study examines the effect of two different self-focus manipulations (mirror and video) on public and private self-awareness, perspective taking, anxiety, and attributions. Thirty one high socially anxious participants (26 female, 5 male) with a mean age of 19.58 (SD=1.89) and 32 low socially anxious participants (21 female, 11 male) with a mean age of 20.47 (SD=3.69) took part in a conversation with a stooge. Public self-awareness increased in both groups but was higher overall in the high socially anxious group. Private self-awareness decreased for the low socially anxious group, but did not change for the high socially anxious group. High socially anxious participants were also more aware of their surroundings than low socially anxious participants. High socially anxious participants used the field perspective less, and experienced more anxiety. High socially anxious participants also made fewer internal attributions for the conversation going well and more for the conversation going badly than low socially anxious participants who did the opposite. The implications of the results for the cognitive model are discussed.
克拉克和韦尔斯（1995年）在《社交恐惧症的认知模型》（载于R.G. 海姆伯格、M. 利博维茨、D.A. 霍普和F. 施奈尔编著的《社交恐惧症：诊断、评估与治疗》，纽约：吉尔福德出版社）中提出的社交恐惧症认知模型认为，自我关注以及将自我构建为一个社会对象会维持焦虑情绪。本研究考察了两种不同的自我关注操控方式（镜子和视频）对公开和私下自我意识、换位思考、焦虑以及归因的影响。31名高社交焦虑参与者（26名女性，5名男性），平均年龄19.58岁（标准差 = 1.89），以及32名低社交焦虑参与者（21名女性，11名男性），平均年龄20.47岁（标准差 = 3.69）参与了与一名助手的对话。两组参与者的公开自我意识均有所增强，但高社交焦虑组的总体公开自我意识更高。低社交焦虑组的私下自我意识下降，而高社交焦虑组的私下自我意识没有变化。高社交焦虑参与者比低社交焦虑参与者对周围环境也更为留意。高社交焦虑参与者较少采用全局视角，且体验到更多焦虑。与低社交焦虑参与者情况相反，高社交焦虑参与者在对话顺利时做出的内部归因较少，而在对话不顺利时做出的内部归因较多。文中讨论了研究结果对认知模型的启示。
