Dannahy Laura, Stopa Lusia
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, S017 1BJ, UK.
Behav Res Ther. 2007 Jun;45(6):1207-19. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2006.08.017. Epub 2006 Nov 16.
Clark and Wells' [1995. A cognitive model of social phobia. In: R. Heimberg, M. Liebowitz, D.A. Hope, & F.R. Schneier (Eds.) Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment (pp. 69-93). New York: Guildford Press.] cognitive model of social phobia proposes that following a social event, individuals with social phobia will engage in post-event processing, during which they conduct a detailed review of the event. This study investigated the relationship between self-appraisals of performance and post-event processing in individuals high and low in social anxiety. Participants appraised their performance immediately after a conversation with an unknown individual and prior to an anticipated second conversation task 1 week later. The frequency and valence of post-event processing during the week following the conversation was also assessed. The study also explored differences in the metacognitive processes of high and low socially anxious participants. The high socially anxious group experienced more anxiety, predicted worse performance, underestimated their actual performance, and engaged in more post-event processing than low socially anxious participants. The degree of negative post-event processing was linked to the extent of social anxiety and negative appraisals of performance, both immediately after the conversation task and 1 week later. Differences were also observed in some metacognitive processes. The results are discussed in relation to current theory and previous research.
克拉克和韦尔斯[1995年。社交恐惧症的认知模型。载于：R.海姆伯格、M.利博维茨、D.A.霍普和F.R.施奈尔（编）《社交恐惧症：诊断、评估与治疗》（第69 - 93页）。纽约：吉尔福德出版社。]提出的社交恐惧症认知模型认为，在社交事件发生后，患有社交恐惧症的个体将会进行事后处理，在此期间他们会对该事件进行详细回顾。本研究调查了社交焦虑程度高和低的个体在表现的自我评估与事后处理之间的关系。参与者在与一个陌生人交谈后立即以及在1周后预期的第二个交谈任务之前对自己的表现进行了评估。还评估了交谈后一周内事后处理的频率和效价。该研究还探讨了社交焦虑程度高和低的参与者在元认知过程上的差异。与社交焦虑程度低的参与者相比，社交焦虑程度高的群体体验到更多焦虑，预测表现更差，低估了他们的实际表现，并且进行了更多的事后处理。消极事后处理的程度与社交焦虑程度以及在交谈任务后立即和1周后对表现的消极评估程度相关。在一些元认知过程中也观察到了差异。结合当前理论和以往研究对结果进行了讨论。
