Liedtke W
Center for Translational Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2007(179):473-87. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-34891-7_28.
In signal transduction of metazoan cells, transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels have been identified that respond to diverse external and internal stimuli, among them osmotic and mechanical stimuli. This chapter will summarize findings on the TRPV subfamily, both its vertebrate and invertebrate members. Of the six mammalian TRPV channels, TRPV1, -V2, and -V4 were demonstrated to function in transduction of osmotic and/or mechanical stimuli. TRPV channels have been found to function in cellular as well as systemic osmotic homeostasis in vertebrates. Invertebrate TRPV channels, five in Caenorhabditis elegans and two in Drosophila, have been shown to play a role in mechanosensation, such as hearing and proprioception in Drosophila and nose touch in C. elegans, and in the response to osmotic stimuli in C. elegans. In a striking example of evolutionary conservation of function, mammalian TRPV4 has been found to rescue mechanosensory and osmosensory deficits of the TRPV mutant line osm-9 in C. elegans, despite no more than 26% orthology of the respective amino acid sequences.
在后生动物细胞的信号转导过程中，已鉴定出瞬时受体电位（TRP）离子通道，它们可对多种外部和内部刺激作出反应，其中包括渗透压和机械刺激。本章将总结TRPV亚家族的研究结果，包括其脊椎动物和无脊椎动物成员。在六种哺乳动物TRPV通道中，TRPV1、-V2和-V4已被证明在渗透压和/或机械刺激的转导中发挥作用。已发现TRPV通道在脊椎动物的细胞以及全身渗透压稳态中发挥作用。无脊椎动物的TRPV通道，秀丽隐杆线虫中有五个，果蝇中有两个，已被证明在机械感觉中发挥作用，如果蝇的听觉和本体感觉以及秀丽隐杆线虫的鼻触，以及在秀丽隐杆线虫对渗透压刺激的反应中发挥作用。在一个功能进化保守的显著例子中，已发现哺乳动物TRPV4可挽救秀丽隐杆线虫TRPV突变体osm-9的机械感觉和渗透压感觉缺陷，尽管各自氨基酸序列的同源性不超过26%。
