Castro Inar A, Monteiro Vânia C B, Barroso Lúcia P, Bertolami Marcelo C
Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Nutrition. 2007 Feb;23(2):127-37. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2006.11.006.
This study evaluated the effect of a formulation containing eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid combined with soluble fibers (beta-glucan and guar gum) on fasting blood lipids used as coronary heart disease biomarkers of individuals classified into different levels of lipidemia by multivariate techniques.
Serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerol, plasma glucose concentrations, body mass index, age, and waist circumference were determined in 99 healthy volunteers. Three clusters or subgroups were identified according to coronary heart disease risk levels. Within each cluster, individuals were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups, with each group receiving samples of a functional formulation containing 460 mg of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and/or 580 mg of soluble fibers, and placebo to be consumed in one bottle per day (200 mL) for 6 wk.
No significant changes were observed for triacylglycerol (P = 0.281) and total cholesterol (P = 0.082) concentrations across the three subgroups. Soluble dietary fibers improved the sensory quality of the formulation containing eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. The efficiency of cluster analysis to discriminate individuals in subgroups was confirmed by one-way analysis of variance (P < 0.003).
The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation equivalent to fish consumed 2.5 to 3 times per week by a functional food-containing soluble dietary fiber showed no beneficial result in terms of changes in blood lipids in individuals classified according to different levels of lipidemia. Small numbers of patients in each cluster and possibly the low dose of fish oil and soluble dietary fibers used in this study may have also contributed to the lack of these differences. Multivariate techniques proved to be a very efficient tool to solve the heterogeneity problem usually observed in human designs and to evaluate the results within subgroups categorized by n variables extracted from the same population.
本研究通过多变量技术评估了一种含有二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸并结合可溶性纤维（β-葡聚糖和瓜尔胶）的制剂对空腹血脂的影响，这些空腹血脂被用作不同血脂水平个体的冠心病生物标志物。
对99名健康志愿者测定了血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、三酰甘油、血浆葡萄糖浓度、体重指数、年龄和腰围。根据冠心病风险水平确定了三个聚类或亚组。在每个聚类中，个体被随机分配到四个实验组之一，每组每天饮用一瓶（200 mL）含有460 mg ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸和/或580 mg可溶性纤维的功能性制剂样品以及安慰剂，持续6周。
在三个亚组中，三酰甘油（P = 0.281）和总胆固醇（P = 0.082）浓度未观察到显著变化。可溶性膳食纤维改善了含有二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的制剂的感官质量。通过单因素方差分析证实了聚类分析区分亚组个体的有效性（P < 0.003）。
对于根据不同血脂水平分类的个体，相当于每周食用2.5至3次鱼的ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸补充剂，在含有可溶性膳食纤维的功能性食品中，对血脂变化没有有益效果。每个聚类中的患者数量较少，并且本研究中使用的鱼油和可溶性膳食纤维剂量可能较低，这也可能导致了这些差异的缺乏。多变量技术被证明是解决人类设计中通常观察到的异质性问题以及评估从同一人群中提取的n个变量分类的亚组内结果的非常有效的工具。
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