Anderson James R, Kuwahata Hiroko, Fujita Kazuo
Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
Anim Cogn. 2007 Apr;10(2):267-71. doi: 10.1007/s10071-006-0065-0. Epub 2007 Jan 23.
Gaze alternation (GA) is considered a hallmark of pointing in human infants, a sign of intentionality underlying the gesture. GA has occasionally been observed in great apes, and reported only anecdotally in a few monkeys. Three squirrel monkeys that had previously learned to reach toward out-of-reach food in the presence of a human partner were videotaped while the latter visually attended to the food, a distractor object, or the ceiling. Frame-by-frame video analysis revealed that, especially when reaching toward the food, the monkeys rapidly and repeatedly switched between looking at the partner's face and the food. This type of GA suggests that the monkeys were communicating with the partner. However, the monkeys' behavior was not influenced by changes in the partner's focus of attention.
目光交替(GA)被认为是人类婴儿指向行为的一个标志,是该手势背后意图的一种表现。GA偶尔在大猩猩中被观察到,而在少数猴子中仅有轶事报道。对三只之前学会在人类伙伴在场时伸手够取够不着的食物的松鼠猴进行录像,期间人类伙伴目视关注食物、一个干扰物体或天花板。逐帧视频分析显示,尤其是当伸手够取食物时,猴子会在看伙伴的脸和食物之间快速且反复地切换。这种类型的GA表明猴子在与伙伴交流。然而,猴子的行为并未受到伙伴注意力焦点变化的影响。