Schibler J, Schlumbaum A
Institut für Prähistorische und Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie der Universität Basel.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2007 Jan;149(1):23-9. doi: 10.1024/0036-7281.149.1.23.
In Switzerland domestic cattle (Bos primigenius f. taurus resp. Bos taurus L.) first appear with the earliest Neolithic settlements (approximately 5000 BC). With the gradual deforestation of the landscape caused by human exploitation of the environment, cattle were used more intensive and in many ways. There is evidence that cattle were used as draught animal since ca. 3400 BC, probably even earlier milk was regularly used. The size of domestic cattle gradually decreased from Early Neolithic until Iron Age. Only with Roman influence larger animals are found. However, after the withdrawal of Romans the average size of cattle decreased again. Archaeogenetic studies will have to show, whether this is due to novel breeding strategies or the import of breeding stock. First genetic results showed that a female genetic type, which is rare in European breeds, is present in Swiss Evolène cattle and in one animal of Roman time cattle from Augusta Raurica. Is this a sign for influence of Roman cattle on today's Swiss breeds?
在瑞士，家牛（原牛f. 家牛或家牛L.）最早出现在新石器时代早期的定居点（约公元前5000年）。随着人类对环境的开发导致景观逐渐森林砍伐，牛的使用更加密集且方式多样。有证据表明，自约公元前3400年起牛就被用作役畜，可能更早之前就已定期使用牛奶。从新石器时代早期到铁器时代，家牛的体型逐渐变小。直到罗马人到来后才发现体型较大的牛。然而，罗马人撤离后，牛的平均体型再次减小。考古遗传学研究将不得不表明，这是由于新的育种策略还是种畜的引进。初步的基因研究结果表明，一种在欧洲品种中罕见的雌性基因类型存在于瑞士埃沃洛讷牛以及来自奥古斯塔劳里卡的一头罗马时期的牛中。这是否是罗马牛对当今瑞士品种产生影响的一个迹象呢？
