[近期戒烟者的体重增加与焦虑水平]

Nerín Isabel, Beamonte Asunción, Gargallo Pilar, Jiménez-Muro Adriana, Marqueta Adriana

Unidad de Tabaquismo FMZ, Departamento de Medicina y Psiquiatría, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España.

Arch Bronconeumol. 2007 Jan;43(1):9-15. doi: 10.1016/s1579-2129(07)60014-7.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate weight gain and its relation to anxiety in a group of smokers after 3 months of cessation treatment.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The target population for this prospective, analytical, longitudinal study was smokers being treated in a specialist smoking cessation clinic who were still abstinent at the conclusion of a 3-month treatment program. The following variables were analyzed: age, sex, nicotine dependence (Fagerström test), daily cigarette consumption, number of pack-years, pharmacological treatment (nicotine replacement/bupropion), use of nicotine gum (yes/no), weight gain, body mass index, and degree of state and trait anxiety. Successful cessation was defined as self-reported abstinence confirmed by measurement of expired carbon monoxide (CO) level (< or = 10 ppm). Anxiety was evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The state anxiety and weight variables were measured on 5 occasions: before smoking cessation, and at the end of week 1, month 1, month 2, and month 3 after cessation. Results for the quantitative variables were expressed as means (SD), and results for the qualitative variables were expressed as percentages and absolute frequencies.

RESULTS

The study population consisted of 122 individuals, 76 of whom were men (62%) and 46 of whom were women (38%). The mean age was 43.9 (9.9) years, and mean nicotine dependence according to the Fagerström scale was 6.2 (2.2) points. Average weight gain was 2.6 kg (3.6%), with no significant difference between the sexes. Weight gain in 25% of this population was greater than 4.2 kg, and maximum weight gain was 9.2 kg. Levels of state anxiety fell progressively as weight increased, although there was no evident relationship between the 2 variables.

CONCLUSIONS

Weight gain is moderate as smokers quit. Anxiety levels, which are greater in the first few weeks after cessation, do not explain weight variation, which is more related to the metabolic effects of nicotine rather than to psychological variables.

目的

评估一组吸烟者在戒烟治疗3个月后的体重增加情况及其与焦虑的关系。

患者与方法

这项前瞻性、分析性、纵向研究的目标人群是在专业戒烟诊所接受治疗且在3个月治疗项目结束时仍保持戒烟状态的吸烟者。分析了以下变量：年龄、性别、尼古丁依赖程度（法格斯特罗姆测试）、每日吸烟量、吸烟包年数、药物治疗（尼古丁替代疗法/安非他酮）、是否使用尼古丁口香糖、体重增加、体重指数以及状态焦虑和特质焦虑程度。成功戒烟定义为通过测量呼出一氧化碳（CO）水平（≤10 ppm）确认的自我报告戒烟。使用状态-特质焦虑量表评估焦虑。在5个时间点测量状态焦虑和体重变量：戒烟前、戒烟后第1周结束时、第1个月结束时、第2个月结束时和第3个月结束时。定量变量的结果以均值（标准差）表示，定性变量的结果以百分比和绝对频数表示。

结果

研究人群包括122人，其中76名男性（62%），46名女性（38%）。平均年龄为43.9（9.9）岁，根据法格斯特罗姆量表，平均尼古丁依赖程度为6.2（2.2）分。平均体重增加2.6 kg（3.6%），男女之间无显著差异。该人群中25%的人体重增加超过4.2 kg，最大体重增加为9.2 kg。随着体重增加，状态焦虑水平逐渐下降，尽管这两个变量之间没有明显关系。