Bronner-Fraser M, Stern C D, Fraser S
Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine 92717.
J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol. 1991 Oct-Dec;11(4):214-22.
In this review, we describe the results of recent experiments designed to investigate various aspects of neural crest cell lineage and migration. We have analyzed the lineage of individual premigratory neural crest cells by injecting a fluorescent lineage tracer dye, lysinated fluorescein dextran, into cells within the dorsal neural tube. Individual clones contained cells that were located in very diverse sites consistent with their being sensory neurons, prepigment cells, Schwann cells, adrenergic cells, and neural tube cells. These results suggest that some neural crest cells in the trunk and cranial regions are multipotent prior to their emigration from the neural tube. The environment through which neural crest cells move influences both the pattern and direction of their migration. We have shown that the sclerotomal portion of the somites are responsible for the rostrocaudal pattern of trunk neural crest cell movement, whereas the neural tube appears to govern the dorsoventral position of neural crest-derived ganglia. In addition, the notochord inhibits the movement of neural crest cells. In order to understand necessary cell-matrix interactions in neural crest migration, we have performed perturbation experiments, in which antibodies directed against cell surface or extracellular matrix molecules were introduced along neural crest pathways. We find that integrins, fibronectin, laminin, and tenascin all play some role in cranial neural crest emigration. Thus, multiple factors may be involved in controlling neural crest cell migration, and different factors may be important for migration in different regions of the embryo.
在本综述中,我们描述了近期旨在研究神经嵴细胞谱系和迁移各个方面的实验结果。我们通过将一种荧光谱系追踪染料——赖氨酰化荧光素葡聚糖注射到背神经管内的细胞中,分析了单个迁移前神经嵴细胞的谱系。单个克隆包含的细胞位于非常不同的部位,这与它们作为感觉神经元、色素前体细胞、施万细胞、肾上腺素能细胞和神经管细胞的身份相符。这些结果表明,躯干和颅部区域的一些神经嵴细胞在从神经管迁出之前是多能的。神经嵴细胞移动所经过的环境会影响其迁移的模式和方向。我们已经表明,体节的硬化部分负责躯干神经嵴细胞运动的头尾模式,而神经管似乎控制着神经嵴衍生神经节的背腹位置。此外,脊索抑制神经嵴细胞的运动。为了了解神经嵴迁移中必要的细胞-基质相互作用,我们进行了干扰实验,在实验中沿着神经嵴路径引入针对细胞表面或细胞外基质分子的抗体。我们发现整合素、纤连蛋白、层粘连蛋白和腱生蛋白在颅神经嵴迁出中都发挥了一定作用。因此,多种因素可能参与控制神经嵴细胞迁移,并且不同因素可能对胚胎不同区域的迁移很重要。