Bora Nalini S, Kaplan Henry J
Department of Ophthalmology, Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Ark., USA.
Chem Immunol Allergy. 2007;92:213-220. doi: 10.1159/000099272.
Uveitis is a general term for inflammatory disorders of the uveal tract and encompasses a wide range of underlying etiologies. It may be idiopathic, associated with systemic diseases or result from a variety of infectious agents. Uveitis is responsible for over 2.8% of blindness in the United States. Each year, 17.6% of active uveitis patients experience a transient or permanent loss of vision. Anterior uveitis (AU), which refers to inflammation within the anterior segment of the eye, is the most common form of uveitis. Experimental autoimmune AU (EAAU) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease of the eye, which serves as an animal model of idiopathic human AU. Recently, type I collagen was identified as the target autoantigen in EAAU. Thus, human AU may be an e xample of autoimmunity to local ocular collagen.
葡萄膜炎是葡萄膜炎症性疾病的统称，涵盖多种潜在病因。它可能是特发性的，与全身性疾病相关，或由多种感染因子引起。在美国，葡萄膜炎导致的失明占比超过2.8%。每年，17.6%的活动性葡萄膜炎患者会经历视力短暂或永久性丧失。前葡萄膜炎（AU）是指眼球前段的炎症，是葡萄膜炎最常见的形式。实验性自身免疫性AU（EAAU）是一种眼部器官特异性自身免疫性疾病，可作为人类特发性AU的动物模型。最近，I型胶原蛋白被确定为EAAU中的靶自身抗原。因此，人类AU可能是针对局部眼部胶原蛋白自身免疫的一个例子。
