Ezeanolue Echezona E, Schenauer Cynthia
University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
AIDS Read. 2007 Jan;17(1):33-8.
HIV can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy or labor and postnatally through breast milk. Nearly 25 years after the first documented case of HIV infection, the decrease in perinatal HIV infections in the United States represents a major success in public health. Despite this achievement, several challenges remain in the effort to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection. In the state of Nevada, the number of perinatally acquired HIV infections decreased to its lowest in 2003, with only 1 infected infant, compared with the peak in 1998 of 8 infected infants. We report 4 cases of mother-to-child HIV transmission that occurred in Las Vegas between October 2005 and June 2006 and that highlight some of the challenges in reducing the incidence of perinatal infections. A comprehensive, multidisciplinary program that allows for expanded access to prenatal care, rapid HIV testing in labor and delivery for women of unknown HIV serostatus, and close follow-up of exposed infants must be present to sustain the achievements made in the reduction of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）可在孕期、分娩期间由感染HIV的母亲传播给其孩子，产后还可通过母乳传播。在首次记录到HIV感染病例近25年后，美国围产期HIV感染率的下降是公共卫生领域的一项重大成就。尽管取得了这一成绩，但在消除母婴传播HIV感染的努力中仍存在一些挑战。在内华达州，2003年围产期获得性HIV感染病例数降至最低，仅有1名感染婴儿，而1998年达到峰值，有8名感染婴儿。我们报告了2005年10月至2006年6月间发生在拉斯维加斯的4例母婴HIV传播病例，这些病例凸显了在降低围产期感染发生率方面的一些挑战。必须有一个全面的多学科项目，以扩大产前护理的可及性，对HIV血清学状态不明的产妇在分娩时进行快速HIV检测，并对暴露婴儿进行密切随访，以维持在降低母婴传播HIV感染方面取得的成果。
