A rat alveolar type II cell line developed by adenovirus 12SE1A gene transfer.

The regulation of pulmonary alveolar type II cell proliferation and differentiation is poorly understood and has been difficult to study, in part due to lack of proliferation, cellular heterogeneity, and phenotypic instability of type II cells in primary culture. To develop a stable population of homogeneous cells capable of proliferation, we transfected type II cells isolated from the lungs of neonatal rats with an immortalizing oncogene, adenovirus 12SE1A, using a retroviral vector. Individual clones were isolated, screened for cytokeratin expression, and further characterized. One of the 12SE1A expressing clones, E1A-T2, has epithelial features such as cytokeratin expression and tight junctions, and coexpresses vimentin. E1A-T2 rapidly proliferate when grown in 10% fetal bovine serum, and slow their growth at confluence. A labeling index of greater than 90% during a 24-h pulse of [3H]thymidine reflects a uniform population of proliferating cells. E1A-T2 can be grown and passed in 0.4% fetal bovine serum, suggesting the production of an autocrine growth factor(s). The type II cell Maclura pomifera agglutinin (MPA)-binding glycoprotein, MPA-gp200, appears to be expressed in an incompletely glycosylated form, whereas other features of differentiated type II cells, such as lamellar bodies, surfactant protein A, and a high percentage of saturated phosphatidylcholine, are absent. Homogeneous, clonally derived type II cell lines, such as E1A-T2 may retain sufficient type II cell features of interest to test new hypotheses relating to cell proliferation and differentiation otherwise not feasible using primary cultures of type II cells.