Dicato Mario, Boccadoro Mario, Cavenagh Jamie, Harousseau Jean-Luc, Ludwig Heinz, San Miguel Jesús, Sonneveld Pieter
Department of Hematology-Oncology, Luxembourg Medical Center, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
Oncology. 2006;70(6):474-82. doi: 10.1159/000099284. Epub 2007 Feb 2.
Cure for multiple myeloma is rare; the success of treatment is measured by response, and length of remissions and survival. Initial treatment for patients young and fit enough is high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation. Various chemotherapy regimens are employed as initial therapy in patients who cannot withstand the autologous stem cell transplantation regimen, and for treatment of refractory or relapsed disease. Commonly used agents either alone or in combination have included dexamethasone, vincristine, doxorubicin, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, cisplatin and, more recently, thalidomide. Within the past few years, the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has been introduced for the treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma with data demonstrating efficacy and safety. Throughout Europe, a faculty of experts conducted a series of debates with over 450 clinicians to discuss the efficacy of bortezomib vis-à-vis other available therapies. Of primary concern was the place of bortezomib in maximizing efficacy throughout the course of the disease and treatment by increasing response rates and improving duration of response, while maintaining an acceptable level of toxicity. The experts concluded that bortezomib, with its unique mechanism of action and demonstrated clinical efficacy and safety, should be considered as standard, early treatment in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma, especially after first relapse.
多发性骨髓瘤的治愈情况罕见;治疗的成功是以缓解情况、缓解期长度和生存期来衡量的。对于年轻且身体状况良好的患者,初始治疗是采用大剂量化疗及自体干细胞移植。对于无法耐受自体干细胞移植方案的患者,以及难治性或复发性疾病的治疗,会采用各种化疗方案作为初始治疗。单独或联合使用的常用药物包括地塞米松、长春新碱、阿霉素、美法仑、环磷酰胺、依托泊苷、顺铂,以及最近的沙利度胺。在过去几年里,一流的蛋白酶体抑制剂硼替佐米已被用于治疗复发性多发性骨髓瘤,数据表明其具有疗效和安全性。在整个欧洲,一组专家与450多名临床医生进行了一系列辩论,以讨论硼替佐米相对于其他现有疗法的疗效。主要关注的是硼替佐米在通过提高缓解率和延长缓解期来最大化疾病全程疗效和治疗效果方面的地位,同时保持可接受的毒性水平。专家们得出结论,硼替佐米具有独特的作用机制以及已证实的临床疗效和安全性,应被视为复发性多发性骨髓瘤患者,尤其是首次复发后的标准早期治疗药物。