Leardini Alberto, Sawacha Zimi, Paolini Gabriele, Ingrosso Stefania, Nativo Roberto, Benedetti Maria Grazia
Movement Analysis Laboratory, Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
Gait Posture. 2007 Oct;26(4):560-71. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.12.018. Epub 2007 Feb 8.
Human movement analysis still suffers from the weakness of the currently used protocols for data collection and reduction. Reliable data comparisons and precise functional assessment require anatomically based definitions of the reference axes and frames, and therefore careful identification and tracking of the landmarks. When impaired children are analysed, the marker-set and other measurement procedures have to be minimised to reduce the time of the experiment and ensure patient collaboration. A new protocol is proposed for the analysis of pelvis and lower limb motion obtained as a compromise between these two requirements. A marker-set is proposed which involves the attachment of 22 skin markers, the calibration by a pointer of 6 anatomical landmarks, and the identification of the hip joint centre by a prediction approach. Anatomical reference frames and joint rotations are defined according to current recommendations. The protocol was assessed by analysing a single child in several repetitions by different examiners, and a population of 10 healthy children, mean age 9.7-years-old. The entire analysis was repeated after subtraction of the offset by static posture angles. The minimum and maximum means of the standard deviations from five examiners of the same child were respectively 2.1 degrees in pelvic obliquity and 6.8 degrees in knee rotation. The minimum and maximum means of the standard deviations from the 10 healthy children were 2.1 degrees in pelvic obliquity and 9.6 degrees in knee internal-external rotation. The protocol is feasible and allows 3D anatomical-based measurements of segment and joint motion and data sharing according to current standards.
人体运动分析仍然受到当前用于数据收集和简化的协议的弱点的困扰。可靠的数据比较和精确的功能评估需要基于解剖学定义的参考轴和框架,因此需要仔细识别和跟踪地标。在分析残疾儿童时,必须尽量减少标记集和其他测量程序,以减少实验时间并确保患者的配合。本文提出了一种新的协议,用于分析骨盆和下肢运动,该协议是在这两个要求之间取得的折衷方案。本文提出了一种标记集,该标记集包括附着22个皮肤标记、用指针校准6个解剖学地标以及通过预测方法识别髋关节中心。根据当前建议定义解剖学参考框架和关节旋转。通过让不同检查人员对一名儿童进行多次重复分析以及对10名平均年龄为9.7岁的健康儿童群体进行分析,对该协议进行了评估。在减去静态姿势角度的偏移量后,重复进行了整个分析。同一名儿童的五名检查人员的标准差的最小和最大平均值分别为骨盆倾斜度2.1度和膝关节旋转度6.8度。10名健康儿童的标准差的最小和最大平均值分别为骨盆倾斜度2.1度和膝关节内外旋转度9.6度。该协议是可行的,并且允许根据当前标准对节段和关节运动进行基于三维解剖学的测量以及数据共享。