Rios Clifford G, Arciero Robert A, Mazzocca Augustus D
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2007 May;35(5):811-7. doi: 10.1177/0363546506297536. Epub 2007 Feb 9.
Recently acromioclavicular joint reconstruction techniques have focused on anatomic restoration of the coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments. Such techniques involve creating bone tunnels in the distal clavicle and coracoid.
To define the anatomy of the human clavicle and coracoid process of the scapula, in order to guide surgeons in reconstructing the CC ligaments.
Descriptive laboratory study.
One hundred twenty (60 paired) cadaveric clavicles and corresponding scapulae (mean age +/- and standard deviation, 48.3 +/- 16.6 years) devoid of soft tissue were analyzed (dry osteology). Differences related to race and sex were recorded. Nineteen fresh-frozen cadaveric clavicles with intact CC ligaments were measured as well (fresh anatomic).
The mean clavicle length was 149 +/- 9.1 mm. In the dry osteology group, the distance from the lateral edge of the clavicle to the medial edge of the conoid tuberosity in male and female specimens was 47.2 +/- 4.6 mm and 42.8 +/- 5.6 mm, respectively (P = .006). The distance to the center of the trapezoid tuberosity was 25.4 +/- 3.7 mm in males and 22.9 +/- 3.7 mm in females (P = .04). The ratio of the distance to the medial edge of the conoid tuberosity divided by clavicle length was 0.31 in males and females. This ratio for the trapezoid was 0.17 in both sexes. The mean coracoid length was 45.2 +/- 4.1 mm. The mean width and height of the coracoid process were 24.9 +/- 2.5 mm and 11.9 +/- 1.8 mm, respectively. No interracial differences in measurements were observed. In the fresh anatomic samples, the ratio of the distance to the conoid center to clavicle length was 0.24. This ratio for the trapezoid was 0.17.
While absolute differences in the origin of the CC ligaments exist between men and women, the ratio of these origins to total clavicle length is constant.
Clavicle length can be obtained intraoperatively. These findings allow the surgeon to predict the origin of the conoid and trapezoid ligaments accurately and to correctly create bone tunnels to reconstruct the anatomy of the CC complex.
最近，肩锁关节重建技术主要关注喙锁（CC）韧带的解剖学重建。此类技术包括在锁骨远端和喙突上制作骨隧道。
明确人类锁骨和肩胛骨喙突的解剖结构，以指导外科医生重建CC韧带。
描述性实验室研究。
对120根（60对）无软组织的尸体锁骨及相应肩胛骨（平均年龄±标准差，48.3±16.6岁）进行分析（干骨学研究）。记录与种族和性别相关的差异。还对19根带有完整CC韧带的新鲜冷冻尸体锁骨进行了测量（新鲜解剖学研究）。
锁骨平均长度为149±9.1毫米。在干骨学研究组中，男性和女性标本从锁骨外侧边缘到锥状结节内侧边缘的距离分别为47.2±4.6毫米和42.8±5.6毫米（P = 0.006）。到梯形结节中心的距离男性为25.4±3.7毫米，女性为22.9±3.7毫米（P = 0.04）。到锥状结节内侧边缘的距离与锁骨长度的比值男性和女性均为0.31。梯形的该比值在两性中均为0.17。喙突平均长度为45.2±4.1毫米。喙突的平均宽度和高度分别为24.9±2.5毫米和11.9±1.8毫米。未观察到种族间测量值的差异。在新鲜解剖学样本中，到锥状中心的距离与锁骨长度的比值为0.24。梯形的该比值为0.17。
虽然男性和女性CC韧带起点的绝对差异存在，但这些起点与锁骨总长度的比值是恒定的。
术中可获取锁骨长度。这些发现使外科医生能够准确预测锥状韧带和梯形韧带的起点，并正确制作骨隧道以重建CC复合体的解剖结构。
