Elsner Peter
Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
Curr Probl Dermatol. 2007;34:1-10. doi: 10.1159/000099521.
Occupational skin diseases comprise a wide spectrum of conditions. Under epidemiological aspects, occupational contact dermatitis that is usually manifested on the hands is the most frequent occupational skin disease with an estimated average incidence rate of 0.7-1.5 cases per 1,000 workers per year. Irritant dermatitis is due to individual susceptibility and the exposure to irritants such as wet work combined with detergents or other hydrophilic irritants or solvents at the workplace. Chronic irritant dermatitis is a risk factor for delayed-type sensitization and subsequently allergic contact dermatitis. It is therefore the prevention of chronic or cumulative irritant dermatitis that is the decisive factor in the prevention of occupational skin disease. Within prevention programs at the workplace, skin protection plays an important, but limited role. Others are technical and organizational means to avoid or reduce skin exposure to irritants and allergens. Educational measures to increase the awareness of workers for workplace hazards and to motivate them to use skin protection measures appropriately are just as important as the careful selection of skin protection materials.
职业性皮肤病涵盖多种病症。从流行病学角度来看，通常在手部位出现的职业性接触性皮炎是最常见的职业性皮肤病，估计平均发病率为每年每1000名工人中有0.7 - 1.5例。刺激性皮炎是由于个体易感性以及在工作场所接触如湿作业与洗涤剂或其他亲水性刺激物或溶剂等刺激物所致。慢性刺激性皮炎是迟发型超敏反应以及随后过敏性接触性皮炎的一个危险因素。因此，预防慢性或累积性刺激性皮炎是预防职业性皮肤病的决定性因素。在工作场所的预防计划中，皮肤防护起着重要但有限的作用。其他措施包括技术和组织手段，以避免或减少皮肤接触刺激物和过敏原。提高工人对工作场所危害的认识并激励他们适当使用皮肤防护措施的教育措施，与精心挑选皮肤防护材料同样重要。
