Spencer H G, Marks R W
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.
Genetics. 1992 Jan;130(1):211-21. doi: 10.1093/genetics/130.1.211.
The ability of viability selection to maintain allelic polymorphism is investigated using a constructionist approach. In extensions to the models we have previously proposed, a population is bombarded with a series of mutations whose fitnesses in conjunction with other alleles are functions of the corresponding fitnesses with a particular allele, the parent allele, already in the population. Allele frequencies are iterated simultaneously, thus allowing alleles to be driven to extinction by selection. Such models allow very high levels of polymorphism to evolve: up to 38 alleles in one case. Alleles that are lethal as homozygotes can evolve to surprisingly high frequencies. The joint evolution of allele frequencies and viabilities highlights the necessity to consider more than the current morphology of a population. Comparisons are made with the neutral theory of evolution and it is suggested that failure to reject neutrality using the Ewens-Watterson test cannot be regarded as evidence for the neutral theory.
采用建构主义方法研究生存力选择维持等位基因多态性的能力。在对我们之前提出的模型的扩展中，一个种群受到一系列突变的冲击，这些突变与其他等位基因结合时的适应度是与种群中已有的一个特定等位基因（亲本等位基因）相应适应度的函数。等位基因频率同时迭代，从而使等位基因能够通过选择而灭绝。此类模型允许非常高水平的多态性进化：在一个案例中多达38个等位基因。作为纯合子致死的等位基因能够进化到惊人的高频率。等位基因频率和生存力的联合进化突出了考虑种群当前形态之外因素的必要性。将其与中性进化理论进行了比较，并指出使用尤恩斯 - 沃特森检验未能拒绝中性不能被视为中性理论的证据。
