Tubau Elisabet, Hommel Bernhard, López-Moliner Joan
Departament de Psicologia Basica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2007 Feb;136(1):43-63. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.136.1.43.
The authors argue that human sequential learning is often but not always characterized by a shift from stimulus- to plan-based action control. To diagnose this shift, they manipulated the frequency of 1st-order transitions in a repeated manual left-right sequence, assuming that performance is sensitive to frequency-induced biases under stimulus- but not plan-based control. Indeed, frequency biases tended to disappear with practice, but only for explicit learners. This tendency was facilitated by visual-verbal target stimuli, response-contingent sounds, and intentional instructions and hampered by auditory (but not visual) noise. Findings are interpreted within an event-coding model of action control, which holds that plans for sequences of discrete actions are coded phonetically, integrating order and relative timing. The model distinguishes between plan acquisition, linked to explicit knowledge, and plan execution, linked to the action control mode.
作者认为，人类的序列学习通常（但并非总是）表现为从基于刺激的行动控制向基于计划的行动控制的转变。为了诊断这种转变，他们在一个重复的手动左右序列中操纵了一阶转换的频率，假设在基于刺激而非基于计划的控制下，表现对频率诱导的偏差敏感。事实上，频率偏差往往会随着练习而消失，但仅适用于显性学习者。视觉-言语目标刺激、反应相关声音和有意指令促进了这种趋势，而听觉（而非视觉）噪声则阻碍了这种趋势。研究结果在行动控制的事件编码模型中得到解释，该模型认为离散行动序列的计划是以语音方式编码的，整合了顺序和相对时间。该模型区分了与显性知识相关的计划习得和与行动控制模式相关的计划执行。
